IRELAND CO. MEATH. Newgrange (Chambered Cairn). Dowth (Chambered Cairn). Loughcrew (Chambered Cairn). King’s Mountain (Chambered Cairn). CO. LOUTH. Killing Hill, Dundalk (Sepulchral Chamber). CO. TYRONE. Knockmany (Chambered Cairn). CO. FERMANAGH. Castle Archdall (Sepulchral Chamber). CO. DONEGAL. Glencolumbkille (Sepulchral Chamber). Spiral ornament is as conspicuously absent on the implements and objects of the Bronze Age in Gaul as in Britain. It is, then, to Scandinavia that we must look for the origin of the Bronze Age spirals found in this country. In the museums at Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Christiania, may be seen splendid specimens of bronze axes, sword-hilts, and personal ornaments exhibiting spiral decoration in the greatest perfection. These are fully illustrated in A. P. Madsen’s monograph on the Bronze Age, in the works of O. Montelius and J. H. A. Worsaae, and in the _Transactions_ of the various archæological societies in Sweden and Denmark. [Illustration: Spiral Ornament on Bronze Axe-head from Denmark] The spirals with which the objects of the Bronze Age in Scandinavia are decorated are generally arranged with their centres at equal distances apart, and connected together by =S= or =C-=shaped curves, the former being the most common. When spirals are arranged in a single row, the problem of how to connect the whole together so as to form a continuous running pattern does not present much difficulty, but if it is required to cover a large surface with spirals in groups of three or of four, all properly connected, the solution is not so easy as it appears at first sight. Both the metalworkers who made the Scandinavian bronze implements, and the artist who designed the sculptured decoration of the Newgrange tumulus, seem to have been unable to master the method of arranging the =S-= and =C-=shaped connections of the spirals in proper order,[73] so as to be capable of extension in every direction over a surface of any required size. The difficulty was got over by a most ingenious artifice, as Mr. George Coffey was the first to point out in his monograph on “Newgrange, Dowth, and Knowth” in the _Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy_ (vol. xxx., p. 25). [73] That is to say, the way of placing the centres of the spirals in relation to each other, and of determining how many =S-= or =C-=shaped curves should run to each centre. [Illustration: Bronze Axe-head with Spiral Ornament from Sweden]