Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
John Stuart Mill · en
“It thus appears that these fine chains were in use among
the Celtic peoples during the first two centuries before
and after our era.[289] In Britain, however, the finest
class is, as far as I am aware, confined to the latter
half of this period; the chains attached to the earlier
British fibulæ, like the one in the British Museum from
the Warren,[290] near Folkestone, which may date from the
second century B.C., being, like those referred to
from the Champagne[291] cemeteries, of simpler and coarser
construction.”
[284] _The Reliquary_ for 1901, p. 198.
[285] _Ibid._ for 1895, p. 157.
[286] M. Stokes’ _Early Christian Art in Ireland_, p. 75.
[287] _Jour. R. Soc. Ant. of Ireland_, ser. 5, vol. i., p. 318.
[288] _Archæologia_, vol. lv., p. 396.
[289] Dr. A. Evans appears to have forgotten the Christian survivals in
Ireland.
[290] _The Reliquary_ for 1901, p. 197.
[291] The coarser chains are made of ordinary circular or oval links,
sometimes double (see illustrations given in the _Dictionnaire
Archéologique de la Gaule_ of those from the Marnian cemeteries).
Ornamental ironwork of the Late-Celtic period is extremely rare, either
because the smiths were too busily employed in making weapons for the
warrior and tools for the artisan to devote their time to decorative
work, or because the specimens of their handiwork have disappeared in
consequence of the perishable nature of the material of which they
were made. Fortunately, however, the fire-dogs from Capel Garmon,[292]
now at Colonel Wynne Finch’s house at Voelas, are still in existence
to show us what fine ornamental ironwork the Welsh smiths of the
Romano-British period were capable of producing.
Turning now from the metalwork to the pottery of the Late-Celtic
period, we find it to consist of unglazed vessels made on a wheel,
fired in a kiln, and ornamented either by mouldings or by patterns
engraved on the surface with a pointed instrument. The technical
processes employed in its manufacture do not seem to have differed
essentially from those of the Romano-British potters, except that
slip-ware was unknown. As far as I am aware, no painted pottery like
that from Mont Beuvray[293] (Bibracte), nor vessels incrusted with
pebbles and polished with graphite like the one from Plouhinec[294]
(Finistère) now in M. Paul du Chatellier’s collection at the Château de
Kernuz, near Quimper, have yet been discovered in this country.
[292] _Archæologia Cambrensis_, ser. 6, vol. i., p. 39.
[293] See J. G. Bulliot’s _Fouilles de Mont Beuvray._
[294] See _Revue Archéologique_ for 1883, p. 11.
As far as the existing evidence goes no ornamental glasswork was made
during the Late-Celtic period in Britain except certain beads and
armlets already described. The technical process of manufacturing
these beads consisted in twisting together fine rods of different
coloured glass, and then bending the composite rod into loops round a
mandril so as to form the bead.