ESSAYS ON THE LATIN ORIENT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, MANAGER LONDON: FETTER LANE, E.C. 4 [Illustration] NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY } CALCUTTA } MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. MADRAS } TORONTO: THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TOKYO: MARUZEN·KABUSHIKI·KAISHA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ESSAYS ON THE LATIN ORIENT BY WILLIAM MILLER, M.A. (OXON.) HON. LL.D. IN THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF GREECE: CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF GREECE: AUTHOR OF _THE LATINS IN THE LEVANT_ CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1921 “You imagine that the campaigners against Troy were the only heroes, while you forget the other more numerous and diviner heroes whom your country has produced.” PHILOSTRATUS, _Life of Apollonius of Tyana_, III. 19. PREFACE This volume consists of articles and monographs upon the Latin Orient and Balkan history, published between 1897 and the present year. For kind permission to reprint them in collected form I am indebted to the editors and proprietors of _The Quarterly Review_, _The English Historical Review_, _The Journal of Hellenic Studies_, _Die Byzantinische Zeitschrift_, _The Westminster Review_, _The Gentleman’s Magazine_, and _The Journal of the British and American Archæological Society of Rome_. All the articles have been revised and brought up to date by the light of recent research in a field of history which is no longer neglected in either the Near East or Western Europe. W. M. 36, VIA PALESTRO, ROME. _March, 1921._ CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. THE ROMANS IN GREECE 1 II. BYZANTINE GREECE 29 III. FRANKISH AND VENETIAN GREECE 57 1. THE FRANKISH CONQUEST OF GREECE 57 2. FRANKISH SOCIETY IN GREECE 70 3. THE PRINCES OF THE PELOPONNESE 85 APPENDIX: THE NAME OF NAVARINO 107 4. THE DUKES OF ATHENS 110 APPENDIX: THE FRANKISH INSCRIPTION AT KARDITZA 132 5. FLORENTINE ATHENS 135 APPENDIX: