These injuries have been classified into three divisions: First degree, superficial skin irritation. Second degree, cutaneous inflammation. Third degree, devitalization of the skin or deeper parts, or carbonization of a member, or the entire body. The first degree is only a superficial redness, fading without any definite edge into the natural skin. This may be produced by the sudden and momentary application of flame over a larger portion of the body, from an explosion of gas. The local injury is not dangerous, and the epidermis remains to protect the surface of the true skin until a new layer is produced, as the injured one peels off. This hardly calls for any other treatment but one or several applications of sweet oil. In the second degree, the local injury has penetrated a little deeper, and the sudden congestion of blood to the surface, raises the epidermis from the cutis in blisters filled with the serum of its vessels. Here there is a more serious condition, and indeed dangerous in proportion to the extent of surface that has become involved. Skirts draped largely with lace, and those made of cheese cloth, swiss, and other gauzy material are of a very inflammable nature, and when once ignited blaze into a flame that is almost sure to consume the material before it can be extinguished, so that it has been deemed advisable on the German stage, to first saturate these materials in a solution of sulphate of ammonia to make them non-inflammable; this does not interfere with ironing, nor with the texture or color of the fabric. Another source of scalds and burns is the wash boiler or tub on the floor, with hot or boiling water in it, so that little children stumble or reach into it. Vessels filled with hot water or other fluids standing on tables or on stoves within reach of little children, who innocently pull the vessel down, pouring its scalding contents over them, is another cause of numerous accidents. The best course to pursue when skirts or clothing are on fire is to roll the victim, so as to smother the flames; but the patient herself has rarely enough presence of mind to do this. She will run for help, thus fanning the flames, the very worst thing she can do. Take the nearest blanket or quilt, or if that is not at hand, take an overcoat or wrap; wrap this around the burning person and throw her to the floor and roll her until the flames are smothered. Then get some cold water and pour it on the smoldering clothes until they are thoroughly saturated, for the hot charred clothing burns into the flesh. In scalding from hot water or steam the clothing should be cooled off in the same manner. Cold water must be poured over the hot and steaming clothes from head to foot, and thus the further action of the heat is suddenly checked. The patient should now be carefully removed to a warm room and laid in a blanket, on the table or floor. If he complains of thirst give a cupful of warm tea or a warm whisky toddy.