Visitors and strangers should now be requested to leave the room and the clothing should be removed from the body with the greatest care. The scissors or a sharp knife should be used to cut away the garments, so as to avoid all possible straining and dragging on the patient. The blisters must not be torn, and where they are very tense they can be pricked with a sharp needle, so as to allow the escape of the serum. The epidermis forms the best protection for the cutis, and where the skin is stuck to the linen do not tear this off, but allow it to remain and cut with a sharp scissors around it. The application of cold water generally increases the suffering, but sweet oil, lard oil, vaseline, castor and china nut oil will answer for the emergency or until a more suitable dressing can be obtained, after which the surface should be covered with cotton batting to exclude the air. A very useful application is a mixture of equal parts of lime water and sweet oil or linseed oil. Carbolized sweet oil is another useful dressing and superior to lime water liniment; it is made in proportion of half an ounce of carbolic acid to one pint of sweet oil; either of the above preparations can be poured over the burned surface and then it should be covered with cotton batting, or small pieces of soft linen cloth can be dipped and saturated in the oil and then applied over the burns. The advice of a physician should be sought in view of the dangerous complications that may occur from extensive burns. (_d_) Frostbite is the result of exposure to cold, and in certain regions during the winter months a considerable number are liable to this accident. But extreme cold weather is not alone responsible for frostbite; very often this accident occurs in moderately cold weather, for instance, if persons exhausted from hunger or fatigued from long travels or stupefied by alcoholic drink lay themselves down and fall asleep, and a cold wind blows over them which withdraws the bodily heat, the same effects are accomplished on the system. The first effect of dry, cold air is a sense of numbness and weight, with a peculiar prickling or tingling, and a rush of blood to the surface, giving the skin a lively reddish appearance. If the cold is maintained for any length of time the blood leaves the surface, which becomes now of a pale and whitish aspect, forming a striking contrast to the previous redness. When the cold is suddenly applied and very intense, the skin exhibits a mottled appearance, which is due to the presence of congealed blood in the subcutaneous veins.