Fetichism in West Africa : $b forty years' observation of native customs and superstitions — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Fetichism in West Africa : $b forty years' observation of native customs and superstitions
John Stuart Mill · en
At present blood is not always required, but formerly no money would have
been accepted as a sufficient penalty. A man would have been despised for
accepting it. There was no way of settlement except by bloodshed,--a life
for a life,--except that, for the life of a woman, a woman and goods of a
certain amount and kind might be accepted. When a woman was thus given for
a murdered one, the living woman must not be old, but one capable of
bearing children. Among the acceptable goods were sheep, goats, and
pottery.
A wound or a broken limb is paid for in goods. These must come not solely
from him who caused the injury; his family, as fellow offenders, must
assist in paying.
The man who obtains the woman who is given for a woman killed, retains
with her also part of the goods given with her, and part he shares with
the family of the murdered one. If, in giving a woman for a murdered one,
the offending family is unable to furnish also the required goods, they
must sell another of their women in order to obtain those goods. The point
is that they must give a woman _and_ goods; _two_ women will not suffice.
The ceremonies in settlement of a blood-feud are as follows: The woman is
paid in presence of both parties; then the goods are given, counted, and
received. Then both parties retire. In the course of a week the parties
receiving the woman and the goods call the other party, and produce a goat
and kill it in their presence. It is divided equally, and given half to
each party; and the feud is settled, as by a covenant of peace, over the
divided goat (Gen. xv. 10). The woman thus given in settlement will be
married to some one.
The customs in her marriage are the same as for any other woman.
Subsequently those who paid her as a fine may come and ask a portion of
goods for her as a wife. Not that they have any claim on her as their
daughter; but the man who has married her will give the goods they ask
for, under the common belief that, unless he does so, the children born by
her will die early, or at least will not come to years of maturity.
All misdeeds and offences, even capital ones, may be condoned by a fine in
goods, excepting only the murder of a man. This murderer must forfeit his
life. These fines are paid with foreign goods, each offence having its own
regulation price as a punishment.
In general, the punishment for an injury is the same, whether the injured
one be rich or poor. A man's "majawe" are held responsible if he refuses
to make restitution. If they also refuse, the offended party await a
suitable opportunity, and then seize some one and hold him as a hostage
until he is redeemed, for the price of the original offence, every mite of
it being then exacted.