Concrete needed for foundation can be estimated as follows: Concrete for foundation should be 1:2½:5 and for the top 1:2½. The foundation is 7 by 3.75 by 1, or 26.25 cubic feet, or 1 cubic yard, and will require 5 sacks of cement, 0.46 cubic yard of sand, and 92 cubic yard of gravel. The cap is 4.5 by 2.66 by 0.5 = 5.9 cubic feet The area of the three flues above must be deducted: 5.9 minus 2.48 = 3.42 cubic feet, or one-ninth of a cubic yard. As 1 cubic yard was assumed for the foundation, extra cement and sand are not needed. Other material needed: 1 8-inch thimble, 9 inches long. 1 6-inch thimble, 9 inches long. 28 feet of 8½- by 13-inch flue lining. 20 feet of 13- by 13-inch flue lining. 20 feet of 8½- by 8½-inch flue lining. Damper, 36- by 10-inch throat opening. 2 clean-out doors and 1 ash dump. Mantel as selected. If firebrick is to be used or the exposed breast is to be of face or special brick (or ceramic tile) the number should be counted or estimated and deducted from the number of common brick as estimated above. Labor The labor required to build a chimney depends on the thickness of the walls, the height, and the amount of cutting to build in specialties, provide offsets, etc. In general, a mason will take 16 hours with 8 hours of laborer's help to lay 1,000 brick. On this basis, 16 by 6.1 = 97.6 hours of mason's time and 48.8 hours of laborer's time will be required. Cost The approximate cost of the chimney can be determined by using actual local cost of materials and wages as follows:[F] 6,100 brick at $15.00 per thousand $91.50 27 sacks of cement[G] at $0.70 per sack 18.90 16 bags of lime at $0.50 per bag 8.00 5 cubic yards of sand[G] at $2.25 per cubic yard 11.25 1 cubic yard of gravel at $2.00 per cubic yard 2.00 98 hours, mason's time, at $1.00 per hour 98.00 49 hours, laborer's time,[H] at $0.30 per hour 14.70 28 linear feet of 8½- by 13-inch flue at $1.00 per foot 28.00 20 linear feet of 13- by 13-inch flue at $1.15 per foot 23.00 20 linear feet of 8½- by 8½-inch flue at $0.40 per foot 8.00 1 8-inch thimble .60 1 6-inch thimble .40 2 clean-out doors } Damper, lintel mantel, ash dump} 65.00 ----- Total net cost [I] 369.35 [F] The prices used in this example are merely illustrative. [G] Includes material for footing and cap. [H] Includes labor for footing and cap. [I] Where the chimney is built by contract, 10 to 15 percent should be added for profit and overhead. SMOKY FIREPLACES