The remaining eleven divisions contain all other animals, ranging in size from mere specks to the mass of the elephant; the bodies of these are built up of a complex aggregate of countless cells of protoplasm arranged in groups to form the organs of digestion, circulation, respiration, reproduction, etc., each having its definite function in the animals’ lives. The following are some typical or well-known examples of each of these divisions, the technical names, with the exception of the Protozoa, not being given:-- The Protozoa (reference should be made here to Fig. 1) are followed by (2) sponges; (3) jelly-fish, sea-anemones, corals; (4) flat worms (tape-worms, etc.); (5) round worms (thread-worms, eel-worms); (6) sea-mats, lamp-shells; (7) wheel-animalcules; (8) star-fish, sea-urchins; (9) segmented worms (earthworms); (10) crayfish, woodlice, centipedes, millepedes, spiders, mites, insects; (11) shell-fish, slugs, snails; (12) fish, frogs, lizards, birds, hedgehogs, rabbits, man. So far we have reviewed the animal kingdom from one aspect only--that of classification, based on the resemblances and differences of the individuals. It is now necessary to look at the subject from the viewpoint of the horticulturist--that is, the relationships of the animals to their surroundings, or environment, and to the welfare of man. Of the two great life-groups--animals and plants--the plants are of fundamental importance; without them no animal could exist, since, of all living things, it is the green plants alone that are able to convert the inorganic chemical constituents in soil, air and water into living matter or protoplasm; and all animals, either directly or indirectly, are dependent upon plants for their food supply. Plants, therefore, may be looked upon as the primary producers of life, and animals as the consumers. It is in this respect that the horticulturist becomes interested, in that certain of these consumers destroy too many of the plants grown by him for other purposes; fortunately, not all of the consumers are destructive; many are of very great use to the horticulturist and mankind in general. The last point is well illustrated by the following classification of the animal kingdom based upon the part it plays in human welfare; this is a modification of the scheme adopted by the British Museum of Natural History:-- _Group I._--Wild or domesticated animals used by man as beasts of burden, source of food, or in the manufacture of various products--_e.g._, sponges, crayfish, bees, silk-worms, shell-fish, and various vertebrates, as fish, birds and mammals. _Group II._--Animals detrimental to man’s welfare, attacking man himself; animals and plants of value to him, or the products derived therefrom--_e.g._, Protozoa, parasitic worms, mites, insects, and such vertebrates as certain birds and mammals.