Harriet Martineau's constant sympathy with democracy, her hatred of
oppression and tyranny, and her aversion to class government, all
became conspicuous in this story. "The greatest happiness of the
greatest number" of mankind was her ideal of the aim of legislation;
and she well knew, as Bentham saw, that only the democratic form of
government can produce a body of laws approximating to this ideal. Her
efforts were constant, therefore, to prepare the people to demand, and
to afterwards wisely use, the power of governing themselves. Now,
though Louis Philippe was the citizen-king, though he was the head of
a republican monarchy, though his legislative chamber rejected in that
same year a ministerial document because it spoke of the people as
"subjects," yet it may be easily understood that this king and his
ministers did not care to stimulate the democratic feeling of the
nation any more than they found inevitable. The whole tone of this
work would be objectionable to them; and a dozen passages might be
readily quoted to show why royal and aristocratic rulers were little
likely to aid its circulation amongst the people whom they governed.
Here, for instance, is a portion of the passage on the storming of the
Bastile:--
The spectacles of a life-time were indeed to be beheld within the
compass of this one scene.... Here were the terrors which sooner
or later chill the marrow of despotism, and the stern joy with
which its retribution fires the heart of the patriot. Here were
the servants of tyranny quailing before the glance of the
people.... The towers of palaces might be seen afar, where princes
were quaking at this final assurance of the downfall of their
despotic sway, knowing that the assumed sanctity of royalty was
being wafted away with every puff of smoke which spread itself
over the sky, and their irresponsibility melting in fires lighted
by the hands which they had vainly attempted to fetter, and blown
by the breath which they had imagined they could stifle. They had
denied the birth of that liberty whose baptism in fire and in
blood was now being celebrated in a many-voiced chant with which
the earth should ring for centuries. Some from other lands were
already present to hear and join in it; some free Britons to aid,
some wondering slaves of other despots to slink homewards with
whispered tidings of its import; for from that day to this, the
history of the fall of the Bastile has been told as a secret in
the vineyards of Portugal, and among the groves of Spain, and in
the patriotic conclaves of the youth of Italy, while it has been
loudly and joyfully proclaimed from one end to the other of Great
Britain, till her lisping children are familiar with the tale.