But to continue with the succeeding periods of history. Spanish vice-regal days and the civil wars of the conquerors, the fleets of treasure, the Inquisition, have been the subject of romantic histories. Besides Prescott’s well-loved _Conquest of Peru_, William Robertson’s _History of America_, published more than a century ago, gives a concise, general survey since the Conquest. Drake’s _Worlde Encompassed_ and Southey’s account of Drake’s voyage in his _English Seamen_, as well as Froude’s, together with various Hakluyt publications, are authorities for freebooter days. Also there are such cold authorities as the Calendars of State Papers of many countries, E. Armstrong’s _The Emperor Charles V_, and for the Inquisition, H. C. Lea, Vicuna Mackenna, and Ricardo Palma. The reports to the Royal Council of the Indies of the sixteenth century enter into minute details. Father Acosta was the historian of the third council. His _Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias_, first published in 1590, is an indispensable book, although it has borne the reproach of being superficial. The French Academicians came to Quito in 1735 to measure an arc of meridian, an enterprise which d’Alembert considered the greatest ever attempted by science. One of these scientists, La Condamine, made extensive studies in quinine, named cinchona for the Countess of Chinchón, vice-queen, and one of the first to feel its beneficent power. His _Voyage fait dans l’Intérieur de l’Amérique Méridionale_ (1745), and the _Voyage Historique de l’Amérique Méridionale_ by Antonio y Jorje Juan de Ulloa (Spanish edition in 1748, French in 1752), who accompanied the French expedition, both aim at truthfulness. Another delightful as well as dependable work of the eighteenth century is the _Voyage dans la Mer du Sud_ by Amédée François Frézier (1716). In particular must be mentioned Lozano’s _Histoire des Tremblements de Terre arrivés à Lima_. Hales of the Royal Society of London has added to this French edition of 1752 accounts of Lima in his day, trustworthy as his observations on the geology and meteorology of the coast. Such facts as I have stated in regard to the natural history of the coast are vouched for by Ferdinand von Hochstetter, _Die Erdbebenfluth im Pazifischen Ocean_, Friedrich Goll, _Die Erdbeben Chiles_, a remote work on _El Desierto de Atacama_, Humboldt’s _Vues des Cordillères_, Darwin’s _Journal of Researches_, and the _Voyage of the Beagle_, the three latter describing the natural history of the mountains as well. One or two of Sir Martin Conway’s books, Alfons Stübel, _Die Vulkanberge von Ecuador_, and Neveu-Lemaire, _Les Lacs des Hauts Plateaux de l’Amérique du Sud_, may also be added. In describing the animals of Peru I have as authority Brehm’s _Thierleben_.