Principles Of Political Economy By John Stuart Mill Abridged, with Critical, Bibliographical, and Explanatory Notes, and a Sketch of the History of Political Economy, By J. Laurence Laughlin, Ph. D. Assistant Professor of Political Economy in Harvard University A Text-Book For Colleges. New York: D. Appleton And Company, 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street. 1885 CONTENTS Preface. Introductory. A Sketch Of The History Of Political Economy. Books For Consultation (From English, French, And German Authors). Preliminary Remarks. Book I. Production. Chapter I. Of The Requisites Of Production. § 1. The requisites of production. § 2. The Second Requisite of Production, Labor. § 3. Of Capital as a Requisite of Production. Chapter II. Of Unproductive Labor. § 1. Definition of Productive and Unproductive Labor. § 2. Productive and Unproductive Consumption. § 3. Distinction Between Labor for the Supply of Productive Consumption and Labor for the Supply of Unproductive Consumption. Chapter III. Of Capital. § 1. Capital is Wealth Appropriated to Reproductive Employment. § 2. More Capital Devoted to Production than Actually Employed in it. § 3. Examination of Cases Illustrative of the Idea of Capital. Chapter IV. Fundamental Propositions Respecting Capital. § 1. Industry is Limited by Capital. § 2. Increase of Capital gives Increased Employment to Labor, Without Assignable Bounds. § 3. Capital is the result of Saving, and all Capital is Consumed. § 4. Capital is kept up by Perpetual Reproduction, as shown by the Recovery of Countries from Devastation. § 5. Effects of Defraying Government Expenditure by Loans. § 6. Demand for Commodities is not Demand for Labor. Chapter V. On Circulating And Fixed Capital. § 1. Fixed and Circulating Capital. § 2. Increase of Fixed Capital, when, at the Expense of Circulating, might be Detrimental to the Laborers. § 3. —This seldom, if ever, occurs. Chapter VI. Of Causes Affecting The Efficiency Of Production. § 1. General Causes of Superior Productiveness. § 2. Combination and Division of Labor Increase Productiveness. § 3. Advantages of Division of Labor. § 4. Production on a Large and Production on a Small Scale. Chapter VII. Of The Law Of The Increase Of Labor. § 1. The Law of the Increase of Production Depends on those of Three Elements—Labor. Capital, and Land. § 2. The Law of Population. § 3. By what Checks the Increase of Population is Practically Limited. Chapter VIII.