Parapets on viaducts, 28 Parliamentary estimate, 14 ---- plan and section, 6, 8 Pedestal water-tanks, 302 Piers of cast iron, 97 ---- of masonry, 95 ---- of timber, 102 ---- of wrought-iron and steel, 97 Pile foundations, 114 Plate-iron troughing, 143 Platform roofs, 264 Platforms (requirements of), 24 Plenum system of sinking, 119 Pneumatic process of sinking, 129 Points, or switches, 235 Portage viaduct, 102 Power to purchase land, 6 Preservation of timber, 211 Private-road bridges, 110 Provincial grants to railways, 349 Public-road bridges, 10, 103 ---- level crossing, 8 R 364 Radial axle-boxes, 58 Rails, 182 Railway bills, 16 ---- Clauses Act, 6 ---- fences, 14 ---- slope, 61, 66, 72 Railways of different ranks, 348 Ramps to platforms, 24 Recommendations as to working of railways, 30 Rectangular running-sheds, 289 Reduced speed on curves, 50 Refuge sidings, 31, 351 Relative costs of narrow-gauge and light railways, 41 Renewal of under-line bridges, 151 Repeater signal, 22, 334 Requirements of Board of Trade, 18 Retaining walls, 159 Reverse curves, 51 Roadside station, 253 Rock foundations, 113 Rocking-bar, 316 Roof-principals, 264 Roofs over roadside platforms, 272 Rope-haulage, 49 Route of railway, 1 Royal assent, 16 Runaway points, 233 S Safety-points, 24, 319 Sandy foundations, 113 Scales for Parliamentary plans, 6, 16 Scissors cross-over, 233 Screw piles, 114 Semaphore signals, 313 Semi-circular running-sheds, 289 Separate lines for through traffic, 358 Service roads, 69 Shafts in tunnels, 167 Sheeting-piles, 127 Side-cutting, 61 Side recesses in tunnels, 176 Sidings, 24 Signal-cabins, 328 Signal-detector, 315, 318 Signals, 313 ---- at junctions, 20, 323 Signals (requirements of), 20 Six-wheeled carriage, 54 Sleepers, 209 Slip-points, 233 Slope of cutting, 61 ---- of embankment, 66 Slotted signals, 326 Snake-heads, 184 Soft deep bog, 70 Soiling earthwork, 66 Sorting-sidings, 285 Span and headway of P. R. bridges, 10 Spans of large railway bridges, 158 Spikes, 222 Spirals, 35 Spoil-bank, 60 Sprags, 46 Square crossing, 233 Standing orders, 4, 6 Starting-signal, 18, 314 Station buildings, 260 ---- roofs, 264 Stations, 248 ---- near viaducts, 24 ---- on gradients, 26 Steel and wrought-iron sleepers, 217 ---- rails, 190 Steps for side-lying ground, 70 ---- of staircases, 26 Stone sleepers, 210 Strain on steel, 27 ---- on wrought-iron, 27 Suburban traffic, 352 Subways, 26 Super-elevation of rail, 230 Supervision of tunnel-work, 176 Swing-bridges, 83, 87 Switches or points, 235 Syphon culverts, 79 T