Produced by Turgut Dincer, Ted Garvin and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net SEXTUS EMPIRICUS AND GREEK SCEPTICISM _A Thesis accepted for the Degree of Doctor of_ _Philosophy in the University of Bern_ _Switzerland, November_ 1897 by MARY MILLS PATRICK PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE, CONSTANTINOPLE TURKEY _This Thesis is accompanied by a Translation from the Greek_ _of the First Book of the "Pyrrhonic Sketches_" _by Sextus Empiricus_ CAMBRIDGE DEIGHTON BELL & CO. LONDON GEORGE BELL & SONS 1899 CAMBRIDGE PRINTED BY JONATHAN PALMER ALEXANDRA STREET PREFACE The following treatise on Sextus Empiricus and Greek Scepticism has been prepared to supply a need much felt in the English language by students of Greek philosophy. For while other schools of Greek philosophy have been exhaustively and critically discussed by English scholars, there are few sources of information available to the student who wishes to make himself familiar with the teachings of Pyrrhonism. The aim has been, accordingly, to give a concise presentation of Pyrrhonism in relation to its historical development and the Scepticism of the Academy, with critical references to the French and German works existing on the subject. The time and manner of the connection of Sextus Empiricus with the Pyrrhonean School has also been discussed. As the First Book of the _Hypotyposes_, or Pyrrhonic Sketches by Sextus Empiricus, contains the substance of the teachings of Pyrrhonism, it has been hoped that a translation of it into English might prove a useful contribution to the literature on Pyrrhonism, and this translation has been added to the critical part of the work. In making this translation, and in the general study of the works of Sextus, the Greek text of Immanuel Bekker, Berlin, 1842, has been used, with frequent consultation of the text of J.A. Fabricius, 1718, which was taken directly from the existing manuscripts of the works of Sextus. The divisions into chapters, with the headings of the chapters in the translation, is the same as Fabricius gives from the manuscripts, although not used by Bekker, and the numbers of the paragraphs are the same as those given by both Fabricius and Bekker. References to Diogenes Laertius and other ancient works have been carefully verified. The principal modern authors consulted are the following: Ritter, _Geschichte der Philosophie_, II. Auf., Hamburg, 1836-38. Zeller, _Philosophie der Griechen_, III. Auf., Leipzig, 1879-89. Lewes, _History of Philosophy_, Vol. I., London, 1866. Ueberweg, _History of Philosophy_, IV. ed., translated by Morris, 1871. Brochard, _Les Sceptiques Grecs_, Paris, 1877. Brochard, _Pyrrhon et le Scepticism Primitive_, No. 5, Ribot's _Revue Phil._, Paris, 1885. Saisset, _Le Scepticism Aenesideme-Pascal-Kant_, Paris, 1867. Chaignet, _Histoire de la Psychologie des Grecs_, Paris, 1887-90. Haas, _Leben des Sextus Empiricus_, Burghausen, 1882.