Xylaria hispidissima (Rhizomorpha hispidissima) from East Indies is known only from old description. It is an evident Xylaria and seems to be same as recently collected, adventitious in a hot house in Hungary, and distributed as Xylaria hungarica. Xylaria annulata, described in 1820 from West Indies as Thamnomyces annulatus and unknown otherwise, reads like Thamnomyces chardalis, but the branches of the latter are not known to be "annulated under a lens." [Illustration: #Fig. 854.#] XYLARIA ANNULIPES, described and figured by Montagne as Thamnomyces annulipes from Brazil, is same as since named Xylaria marasmoides (Fig. 854) by Berkeley. Berkeley does not mention the rings on the stem as shown so plainly in Montagne's enlarged figure, nor can I note them with a lens on my photograph of Berkeley's or Montagne's types. Spegazzini refers marasmoides as a synonym for annulipes, no doubt correctly. Theissen refers it as a synonym for Xylaria aristata, an evident error. Xylaria vermiculus, recently published from Brazil by Sydow, as "Saccardo n. sp. in litt.," is, both from description and photograph, evidently the same as Xylaria annulipes. [Illustration: #Fig. 855.#] XYLARIA MELANURA (Fig. 855), West Indies, described as Chaenocarpus melanurus and compiled in Saccardo in section Thamnomyces, is evidently same as Xylaria gracillima in sense of Berkeley and Montagne, but not I believe as to Fries. We present a photograph made from Leveille's cotype. Xylaria axillaris was not compiled in Thamnomyces in Saccardo, but is evidently a very similar if not the same plant as Xylaria setosa, and is only known from Currey's original account from Africa. It is about a half inch high, with filiform stem, and few, superficial perithecia. Spores are given as 25 to 32 mic., which are much larger than those of setosa. Xylaria patagonica as named by Crombie as Thamnomyces and compiled in Saccardo, Vol. 9, was based on Dillenius' old (1741) figure t. 13, f. 11, from Patagonia, which, as far as the figure goes, could be Xylaria setosa. Of course, nothing as known about it. Xylaria Schwackei, named by Hennings from Brazil, seems from description to be Xylaria melanura. Xylaria Warburgii, named by Hennings from New Guinea, seems from the crude figure to be Xylaria carpophila. Xylaria luzonensis, named from Philippines by Hennings, seems from crude figure to be Xylaria multiplex in original sense of Fries (not Thiessen). * * * * * [Illustration: #Fig. 856.# Engleromyces Goetzei.] THE GENUS ENGLEROMYCES. Plants large, subglobose, with alveolate, sinuate carbonous exterior. Stroma white, fleshy, 11/2-2 cm. thick. Perithecia carbonous, forming several stratose layers, imbedded in the stroma in the depressions. Spores 12-15x18-24, dark, smooth, curved, agreeing with Xylaria spores.