It would not have been possible to write this book in this way without the kind permission of translators and publishers to use copyright translations. I gladly take this opportunity to acknowledge my debt to Professor Gilbert Murray and the Oxford University Press for the translation of the _Iphigenia in Tauris_; to Mr. A. W. Pickard--Cambridge and the Oxford University Press for the translations from _Demosthenes_; to Mr. A. E. Zimmern and the Oxford University Press for passages from the _Greek Commonwealth_; and to the Trustees of the Jowett Fund and the Oxford University Press for translations {vi} from _Plato_ and _Thucydides_; to Sir Arthur Evans for passages from an article in the _Monthly Review_; to Mr. G. S. Freeman for translations from the _Schools of Hellas_ by the late Kenneth J. Freeman; to Mr. A. S. Way for a passage from the _Persians_; to Mr. A. W. Crawley for passages from the translation of the _Odyssey_ by Butcher and Lang; to Mrs. Putnam for an extract from _The Lady_; to Miss Leslie White Hopkinson for her arrangement of one of the _Elegiacs of Solon_; to Messrs. Macmillan and Co. for translations from the _Iliad_ by Lang, Leaf and Myers, from _Pausanias_ by Sir J. G. Frazer, from _Plato's Republic_ by Davies and Vaughan, from the_ Trial and Death of Socrates_ by F. G. Church, from _Herodotus_ by G. C. Macaulay, from _Xenophon_ by H. G. Dakyns, and for various translations in _Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals_ (E. N. Gardiner), _The City State of the Greeks and Romans_ (W. Warde Fowler) and _Our Hellenic Heritage_ (H. R. James); to Messrs. J. M. Dent and Sons for translations from _Plutarch's Lives_; to Messrs. G. Bell and Sons for translations from _Aristophanes_ by B. B. Rogers, from _Theocritus_ by S. C. Calverley and from _Aristotle_ by Sir F. G. Kenyon; to Messrs. George Allen and Unwin for translations from the _Homeric Hymns_ by Andrew Lang; to Messrs. Edward Arnold and Co. for three poems from _Love, Worship and Death_ by Sir Rennell Rodd; and to Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. for translations from _Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology_ by J. W. Mackail, and from _Greek History for Young Readers_ by Alice Zimmern. {vii} This book is only intended as an introduction to the history of Greek civilization, and the difficulty of my task has been to decide on what to omit. Everyone will not agree with me as to what I have taken and what I have left, but my aim will have been accomplished, if the book should create a desire to know something more of the great heritage which has come to us from the Greeks. DOROTHY MILLS. NEW YORK, March, 1925. {ix} CONTENTS CRETE AND THE CIVILIZATION OF THE EARLY AEGEAN WORLD CHAPTER I.--THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD II.--CRETE I.--LEGENDS OF CRETE II.--THE PALACES OF CRETE III.--DRESS IV.--RELIGION AND LITERATURE V.--A DAY IN CRETE VI.--THE DESTROYERS III.--THE MAINLAND