2. _Janus_, whose name is derived from the Latin root which means "going" and is connected with _janua_, a passage or door, is the most distinctive and most important of the native Italic deities. He is not only the god of doors, or material openings, but more truly of beginnings,--especially of good beginnings which insure good endings. Hence undoubtedly he is represented as facing both ways; for the Romans very properly believed that beginning and ending were of the same piece, and that an undertaking ill begun could not achieve success. His temple, or covered passage, in the Forum had doors facing east and west for the beginning and ending of the day; and between stood his two-faced statue. In every home the morning prayer was addressed to him; in every domestic enterprise his assistance was implored. He was the god, also, of the opening year; hence his month, January, on the first day of which words only of good omen were uttered, and gifts were given (_strenae_, a name still preserved in the French word for New Year's presents, _étrennes_), and, for good luck, some stroke of work was bestowed on every undertaking planned for the year. He was publicly invoked not only on New Year's day, but on the first day of each month, by priests and people alike; and in these prayers his name was mentioned even before that of Jupiter. He is the god of civilization, and is sometimes called Consivius, or the Sower.[64] Of course he was invoked when wars were commenced. And during their progress the doors of his temple stood always open. In peace they were closed; but they were shut only once between the reign of Numa and that of Augustus. It was natural that his worship should gradually absorb that of Sol, the Sun, who opens the day and completes the year and blesses with his rays the seeds that are sown; and such was the case. But Janus and his wife Jana were not originally connected even in name with Dianus (Sol, Apollo) and Diana (the moon). 3. _Quirinus_, a war-god, said to be no other than Romulus, the founder of Rome, exalted after his death to a place among the immortals. 4. _Bellona_, a war-goddess. 5. _Lucina_, the goddess who brings to light, hence the goddess of childbirth: a title bestowed upon both Juno and Diana. 6. _Terminus_, the god of landmarks. His statue was a rude stone or post, set in the ground to mark the boundaries of fields. 7. _Faunus_, the grandson of Saturn. He was worshiped as a god of fields and shepherds and also of prophecy. His name in the plural, Fauni, expressed a class of gamesome deities, like the Satyrs of the Greeks. There was also a goddess called _Fauna_, or _Bona Dea_ (good goddess). To Maia, wife of Vulcan, this designation, _Bona Dea_, was sometimes applied. 8. _Sylvanus_, presiding over forest-glades and plowed fields.