9. _Pales_, the goddess presiding over cattle and pastures. _Flora_, the goddess of flowers. _Pomona_, presiding over fruit trees. _Vertumnus_, the husband of Pomona, was guardian of fruit trees, gardens, and vegetables. Pomona loves the orchard, And Liber loves the vine, And Pales loves the straw-built shed Warm with the breath of kine; And Venus loves the whisper Of plighted youth and maid In April's ivory moonlight, Beneath the chestnut shade.[65] 10. _The Penates_, gods who were supposed to attend to the welfare and prosperity of the family. Their name is derived from Penus, the storehouse or inner chamber, which was sacred to them. Every master of a family was the priest to the Penates of his own house. The _Lares_, or _Lars_, were also tutelary deities, but they differed from the Penates since they were regarded as the deified spirits of ancestors, who watched over and protected their descendants. The Lares were more particularly divinities presiding over the household or family; but there were also public Lares, or guardian spirits of the city, Lares of the precincts, Lares of the fields, Lares of the highways, and Lares of the sea. To the Penates, to the domestic Lares (whose images were preserved in a private shrine), and to the _Manes_ (shades that hovered over the place of burial), the family prayers of the Romans were addressed. Other spirits, the _Lemures_ and _Larvæ_, more nearly correspond to our ghosts. [Illustration: FIG. 44. GENIUS LOCI] The Romans believed that every man had his _Genius_ and every woman her _Juno_; that is, a spirit who had given them being and was regarded as a protector through life. On birthdays men made offerings to their Genius, women to their Juno. 11. Other Italian deities were the gods of the rivers, such as _Father Tiber_, and the goddesses of the springs and brooks, such as _Juturna_, whose pool in the Forum was sacred. This nymph was also a goddess of healing and, according to later tradition, was beloved by Jupiter. Earlier stories, however, make her the wife of Janus and the mother of _Fontus_, the god of flowing waters, who had an altar on the Janiculan hill and was worshiped at an annual festival called the Fontinalia, when the wells were wreathed with garlands. Held in especial honor were the _Camenæ_, fountain-nymphs, goddesses of prophecy and healing (later identified with the Muses). The leader of them was _Carmenta_, who sang both the future and the past. With her is sometimes associated the nymph _Egeria_, from whom the Roman king Numa is said to have received instruction concerning the forms of worship which he introduced. 12. The Romans worshiped, also, _Sol_, the Sun; _Luna_, the Moon; _Mater Matuta_, the Dawn; _Juventus_, Youth; _Fides_, Honesty; _Feronia_, goddess of groves and freedmen; and a great number of personified abstractions of conduct and experience, such as Fortune and Health.