[219] _Essay_ (1826), ii 453 _n._ I cite from this, the last edition published in Malthus's lifetime, unless otherwise stated. [220] _Essay_, ii. 251 (bk. iii. ch. xiv.). [221] _Ibid._ (1798), p. 141. [222] _Essay_, ii. 449 (Appendix). [223] _Essay_, ii. 473 (Appendix). [224] _Ibid._ (Second Edition), p. 400. The passage is given in full in _Malthus and his Work_, p. 307. [225] _Essay_, i. 469 (bk. ii. ch. x.). Eden had made the same remark. [226] _Ibid._ ii. 229 (bk. iii. ch. xiv.). [227] Correspondence in Senior's _Three Essays on Population_ (1829). [228] _Essay_, i. 234 (bk. i. ch. ii.). [229] Mr. Bonar thinks (_Malthus and his Work_, p. 324) that Malthus followed Paley's predecessor, Abraham Tucker, rather than Paley. The difference is not for my purpose important. In any case, Malthus's references are to Paley. [230] _Essay_, ii. 266 (bk. iv. ch. i.). [231] _Essay_ (first edition), p. 212. [232] _Ibid._ i. 16 _n._ (bk. i. ch. ii.). [233] See _e.g._ his remarks upon Condorcet in _Essay_, ii. 8 (bk. iii. ch. i.); and Owen in _Ibid._ ii. 48 (bk. iii ch. ii.). [234] _Essay_, i. 15 _n._ (bk. i. ch. ii.); and see _Ibid._ (edit. of 1807) ii. 128. [235] _Ibid._ (1807) ii. 128. [236] _Ibid._ (1807) ii. 3 (bk. ii. ch. ii.). (Omitted in later editions.) [237] Mr. A. R. Wallace, Darwin's fellow-discoverer of the doctrine, also learned it from Malthus. See Clodd's _Pioneers of Evolution_. Malthus uses the phrase 'struggle for existence' in relation to a fight between two savage tribes in the first edition of his _Essay_, p. 48. In replying to Condorcet, Malthus speaks (_Essay_, ii. 12, bk. iii. ch. i.) of the possible improvement of living organisms. He argues that, though a plant may be improved, it cannot be indefinitely improved by cultivation. A carnation could not be made as large as a tulip. It has been said that this implies a condemnation by anticipation of theories of the development of species. This is hardly correct. Malthus simply urges against Condorcet that our inability to fix limits precisely does not imply that there are no limits. This, it would seem, must be admitted on all hands. Evolution implies definite though not precisely definable limits. Life may be lengthened, but not made immortal. [238] _Essay_ (first edition), 353. [239] _Ibid._ 42 _n._ (bk. iii. ch. iii.)