The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal
John Stuart Mill · en
The grizzly spends about one third of each year in hibernation. He may
use the same den year after year, repairing and reshaping it; or perhaps
he will dig a new one. Sometimes he goes outside his own territory for a
den to his liking. He is sometimes driven forth during hibernation by
landslides as well as by snow-slides and floods.
A grizzly is strongly attached to his home territory and spends most of
his time in it. Occasionally, and in exceptional cases regularly, he
wanders far away. A scarcity of food may cause him to leave home
temporarily; or excessive food elsewhere may attract him.
Bears and lions are not neighborly, and at best each ignores the other;
but one bear I knew followed a lion for weeks, and others have
occasionally done likewise, profiting by the food-supply--the excessive
killing of the lion. Here was unusual tolerance, almost friendly
association, between antagonistic wild folk.
The abundance of food at any place in a bear's territory gives other
grizzlies public rights. A berry-patch or a stream which has a supply
equal to the needs of many bears, a beaver pond, or a lake, may become a
public feeding-place. A flood, a storm, a snow-slide, or other agency
may take the lives of a number of animals--cause a congestion of food in
any territory.
That there sometimes is fighting in these public places, and that one
bear sometimes tries to hog a larger food-supply than he can use does
not change the custom of the species. Incidentally, this violation of
general or public rights but reminds us how human-like are bears in
their habits, good and bad.
Lewis and Clark found a number of grizzlies congregated at places along
the Missouri River. Apparently these had got together like those in
Yellowstone Park, because of congested food-supply. It appears that at
regular crossings along the river numbers of buffalo were annually
drowned, and carcasses regularly strewn at about the same places.
There are a number of regions in Alaska where a bear lives in his own
chosen locality but regularly goes to a public feeding-ground. Much of
the food is along the seashore and on the lower courses of streams.
There is also a food-belt above the timber-line, where mice abound and
where there is grass upon which bears feed. The seasonal nature of part
of the food may thus encourage or compel bears of one locality to travel
a long distance to secure the only food obtainable.
If there be straggling grizzlies who wander about like gypsies, they are
the rare exception: the nearest to them were the few "buffalo
grizzlies," those that in old days followed the migrating buffalo herds.