The History of Duelling. Vol. 1 (of 2) — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The History of Duelling. Vol. 1 (of 2)
John Stuart Mill · en
In the second method, the hooded snake, called _naga_, is thrown into a
deep earthen pot, into which is dropped a ring, coin, or seal. This the
accused person is ordered to take out; and, if the serpent bite him, he
is pronounced guilty.
5. In the trial by _cosha_, the accused is made to drink three draughts
of the water in which the images of the Sun, Devi, and other deities
have been washed for that purpose; and if within fourteen days he has
any sickness or indisposition, his crime is considered as proved.
6. In the trial by _rice_, which is resorted to under accusation of
theft, some dry rice is weighed with the sacred stone called _salgram_,
or certain _slocas_ are read over it; after which the suspected persons
are severally ordered to chew a quantity of it. As soon as they have
chewed it, they are to throw it on some leaves of the _pippal_, or, if
none be at hand, on some _B’hurja patra_, or bark of a tree from Nipal
or Cashmere. The man from whose mouth the rice comes dry, or stained
with blood, is holden guilty.
7. In the ordeal by _hot oil_, the ground appointed for the trial
is cleared, and rubbed with cow-dung; the next day, at sun-rise,
the Pundit worships _Ganesa_, or the Hindoo _Janus_; presents his
oblations, and pays adoration to other deities, conformably to the
_Sastra_. Then, having read the incantations prescribed, he places a
covered pan of gold, silver, copper, iron, or clay, sixteen fingers
broad, and four fingers deep, and throws into it one _S’ér_ or eighty
sicca weight of clarified butter or oil of seramurz. After this a ring
of gold, silver, or iron, is cleaned, washed with water, and cast into
the oil, which they proceed to heat, and, when it is very hot, put into
it a fresh leaf of _pippela_ or of _bilna_. When the leaf is burned,
the oil is known to be sufficiently hot. Then, having pronounced a
_metra_ over the oil, they order the accused to take out the ring; and
if he withdraw it without being burnt, or without a blister on his
hand, his innocence is considered evident.
8. In the _red-hot iron_ trial, an iron ball, or the head of a spear
red-hot, is placed on the hand of the accused.
9. To perform the ordeal by _Dharm’anch_, an image named _Dharma_, as
the genius of justice, is made of silver, and another called _Adharma_,
of clay or iron, both of which are thrown into a large earthen jar; the
accused, having thrust his hand into it, is acquitted if he draw forth
the silver image, but condemned if he bring out the iron. In another
form of this trial, the figure of a deity is painted on white cloth,
and another on black; the first of which is named Dharma, and the
second Adharma. These are severally rolled up in cow-dung, and thrown
into a large jar, without having been shown to the accused, who must
put his hand into the jar, and is acquitted or convicted as he draws
out the figure on the white or black cloth.