Diversity of origin on the part of the Naga tribes is suggested again
by a number of miscellaneous considerations. Most Nagas for instance
reap with a reaping-hook, but the Sema, like the Manö and Southern Brè
(Karens) of Burma, [27] and like the Garos, [28] use their hand only,
stripping the grain from the stalk straight into the basket, a most
painful method if it does save threshing.
The use of terraced cultivation forms a very marked point of
distinction between Naga tribes. The various branches of the Angami
tribe practise it in its most elaborate form, followed closely by some
Khoirao and Kacha Naga (Nzemi) villages very strongly dominated by
Angami culture, and followed in a quite appreciably less elaborate way
by Naked Rengmas, Tangkhuls and Maram Nagas. Other tribes do not use
irrigated terraces at all, if we except the Semas, among whom it has
been deliberately introduced by Government, and who still only practise
this form of cultivation in a very small degree, save in a few villages
who have adopted Angami culture in general. At the same time, even
among the Angamis, the Chakroma villages have no terraces. It may be
noted that the Angami system of terraces produces physical features
exactly like the system of the Bontoc Igorot in the Philippines.
Among the tribes that jhum there is a marked difference in the method
of sowing rice. The more southern tribes—Angami, Lhota, Rengma,
Sema—sow carefully, digging a little hollow and dropping in the grain.
The Aos and Changs, on the other hand, sow anyhow, just chucking the
seed down broadcast, and so do the Konyaks, in so far as they sow rice
at all. The amazing fact about the latter is that taro, not rice, is
the staple crop, and in spite of excellent land for rice cultivation,
they only sow very little. They prefer taro (Colocasia antiquorum).
[29]