First = ōvūngōchī (the one in front).
Second = ovungochi sīlāmo (the one behind the one in front).
Third = ovungochi chito oni silamo (the one behind both that one
and the one in front).
Ordinal adverbs are formed by the prefix echo or echung.
Once = echoa or echunga.
Twice = echoni or echungeni, etc.
[Pronouns.] The personal pronouns are as follows:—
First person Singular A, ai, aiyo, akha.
Plural E, eten, eyo.
Second person Singular Nna, nno, ni, yi, i.
Plural Ni, nino, nte, yi.
Third person Singular Mbo, and the demonstrative pronouns hi,
shi, chi.
Plural Oten, and the demonstrative pronouns
hiang, shiang, chiang.
Personal pronouns take the same suffix as nouns.
A mokthata.
I am tired.
A-na pīka.
I will give.
As in nouns, the possessive is formed by placing the possessor before
the thing possessed.
My house = Āki (= A-oki).
The demonstrative pronouns are as follow:—Hi or shi, “this,” chi,
“that,” hiang or shiang, “these,” oten or chiang, “those.” They follow
the noun they qualify and take suffixes as do adjectives.
A-na oki-shi-lo otsi tsōka.
I house-this-in rice will eat.
The interrogative pronouns are as follow:—
Who? = ochi, ocho.
Which? = ocho, kuwe, ko.
What? = ochi or ocho (referring to persons); ntio, nyu,
nyuwo (referring to things).
Nno ntio chonala?
You what are wanting?
A relative clause in English is usually rendered in Lhota by the verb
followed by wochi (lit. “go that”), often pronounced mochi for euphony.
A-na echo-mō-chi a-pia
I wanted-one-the me-give
(i.e. give me the one I wanted).
The interrogative pronouns are, however, sometimes used as relatives.
A-na kuwe chonana chi a-pia.
I what wanted that me-give.
[The Verb.] The verb is not conjugated for person and number. Certain
suffixes are used to express tense. They are as follow:—
-a = perfect or future, the context giving the sense. It is also the
termination of the imperative. Thus, from the verbal root tso = eat—
Ana tsoa = { I will eat.
{ I have eaten.
Tsoa = eat.
-ka is the ordinary termination of the future—
Ana tsoka = I will eat.
-cho is the ordinary termination of the preterite—
Ana tsocho = I ate, I have eaten.
-ala is the ordinary termination used to express continual action, and
is apparently a form of the verb lia, “is”—
Ana tsoala = { I am eating.
{ I was eating.
To express habitual action the verbal root without any termination is
used.
Ana otsi tso = I eat rice.
The verbal root followed by a faint v sound expresses future action.