[Footnote 5: Correspondance, Vol. XVII. Memoires du roi Joseph. Beauchamp: Histoire des campagnes de 1814 et 1815. Danitz: Geschichte d. Feldzugs v. 1814. Danilewsky: Der Feldzug in Frankreich. Houssaye: 1814.] Amazing Schemes of Napoleon for New Levies -- Attitude of the People toward the Empire -- The Disaffected Elements -- Napoleon's Armament -- Activity of the Imperialists -- Release of Ferdinand and the Pope -- Napoleon's Farewell to Paris -- His Strategic Plan -- France against Europe -- The Conduct of Bernadotte -- Murat's Defection -- Conflicting Interests of the Allies -- Positions of the Opponents at the Outbreak of Hostilities. [Sidenote: 1813-14] What happened in France between the first days of November, 1813, when Napoleon reached St. Cloud, and the close of the year, is so incredible that it scarcely seems to belong in the pages of sober history. Of five hundred and seventy-five thousand Frenchmen, strictly excluding Germans and Poles, who had been sent to war during 1812 and 1813, about three hundred thousand were prisoners or shut up in distant garrisons, and a hundred and seventy-five thousand were dead or missing; therefore a hundred thousand or thereabouts remained under arms and ready for active service. By various decrees of the Emperor and the senate, nine hundred and thirty-six thousand more were called to arms: a hundred and sixty thousand from the classes between 1804 and 1814, whether they had once served or not; a hundred and sixty thousand from the class of 1815; a hundred and seventy-six thousand five hundred were to be enrolled in the regular national guard, and a hundred and forty thousand in a home guard; finally, in a comprehensive sweep from all the classes between 1804 and 1814 inclusive, every possible man was to be drawn. This, it was estimated, would produce three hundred thousand more.