The Outlook: Uncle Sam's Place and Prospects in International Politics — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Outlook: Uncle Sam's Place and Prospects in International Politics
John Stuart Mill · en
Assuming the present war of subjugation to be brought to a successful
issue; that the Filipinos acknowledge both the hopelessness of their
cause and the justice of ours, as in the end they must, our difficulties
are not yet finished. We have still to consider the remoteness of the
archipelago, the savagery of many of the native tribes, the tropical
climate, and the dregs of four centuries of Spanish misrule.
The average temperature in the Philippines, according to the imperfect
statistics collated by the Spanish at Manila, is much too high for the
comfort of any man accustomed to the climate of our so-called temperate
zone. Professor Dean Worcester, of our Philippine Commission, who spent
three and a half years in the islands as a naturalist, says that in all
that time he never experienced a day in which a white man could work
hard for many hours together in comfort, or even in safety. The coolest
months are December and January, but the lowest temperature known at
this period of mid-winter is 71 degrees. During the remainder of the
year the mercury often mounts above 90 degrees, and not infrequently to
100 degrees. The effects of the heat, moreover, are aggravated by the
humidity of the atmosphere, so that it saps the vitality and enfeebles
the stoutest constitution.
These conditions are arduous, but by no means intolerable. White men
_do_ live in the islands and steadily work without impairing their
health. The absence of sudden changes enables one to dress for the
climate without fear of catching cold. Herein the climate is preferable
to that of some of our larger cities, such as New York or St. Louis,
where intense heat with humidity alternate with sudden chills.
Malarial fever is one of the curses of the Philippines; but this disease
is found in all countries imperfectly tilled and drained, and there, as
elsewhere, it disappears in the face of cleanliness and intelligent
sanitation. Some cities and districts which at one time were almost
wholly uninhabitable have been freed entirely of malaria by thorough
drainage. The Spanish, with characteristic indolence, have as a rule
endured the ravages of the disease rather than incur the cost and labor
of preventive measures. Weyler--the dreadful, blood-drinking Weyler--who
was for a time Captain-General of the Philippines, at one time lost the
greater part of his army from a fever which might have been averted with
proper care. Cholera is not epidemic in the Philippines; neither is
smallpox, though both diseases have at different times swept through
cities and districts in the train of filth and carelessness.