Inflammation may result in consequence of local injury, caused by a bruise, or by a sharp, cutting instrument, as a knife or an axe, or it may be caused by the puncture of a pin, pen-knife blade or a fork-tine, or from a lacerated wound, as from the bite of a dog, or from a very minute wound poisoned by the bite of a venomous reptile. Local inflammations may arise from scalds, burns, the application of caustics, arsenic, corrosive sublimate, cantharides, powerful acids, abrasions of the surface by injuries, and from the occurrence of accidents. The _swelling_ of the part may be caused by an increase of the quantity of blood in the vessels, the effusion of serum and coagulating lymph, and the interruption of absorption by the injury, or by the altered condition of the inflamed part. The character of the _pain_ depends upon the tissue involved, and upon the altered or unnatural state of the nerves. Ordinarily, tendon, ligament, cartilage, and bone are not very sensitive, but when inflamed they are exquisitely so. The heat of the inflamed part is not so great, when measured by the thermometer, as might be supposed from the patient's sensations. TERMINATION OF INFLAMMATION. Inflammation ends in one of six different ways. Inflammation may terminate in _resolution, i.e_., spontaneous recovery; by _suppuration_, in the formation of matter; by _effusion_, as the inflammation caused by a blister-plaster terminates by effusion of water; by _adhesion_, the part inflamed forming an attachment to some other part; by _induration_, hardening of the organ; or by _gangrene_, that is, death of the part. Thus, inflammation of the lungs may terminate by recovery, that is, by resolution, by suppuration and raising of "matter," by hardening and solidification of the lung, or by gangrene. Inflammation of the endocardium, the lining membrane of the heart, may cause a thickening of it, and ossification of the valves of the heart, thus impairing its function. Inflammation of the pericardium may terminate in effusion, or dropsy, and inflammation of the liver may result in hardening and adhesion to adjacent parts. SEVERAL PRINCIPLES FOR TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION.