The Quakers, Past and Present — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Quakers, Past and Present
John Stuart Mill · en
With most of us, beyond these more or less universal experiences, the
times of illumination are intermittent, fluctuating, imperfectly
accountable, and uncontrollable. The "artist" lives to a greater or less
degree in a perpetual state of illumination, in perpetual communication
with his larger self. But he remains within the universe constructed for
him by his senses, whose rhythm he never fully transcends. His thoughts
are those which the veil of sense calls into being, and though that veil
for him is woven far thinner above the mystery of life than it is for
most of us, it is there. Imprisoned in beauty, he is content to dwell,
reporting to his fellows the glory that he sees.
The religious genius, as represented pre-eminently by the great
mystics--those in whom the sense of an ultimate and essential goodness,
beauty, and truth, is the dominant characteristic--have consciously bent
all their energies to breaking through the veil of sense, to making a
journey to the heart of reality, to winning the freedom of the very
citadel of Life itself. Their method has invariably included what--again
borrowing from psychology--we must call the deliberate control of all
external stimuli, a swimming, so to say, against the whole tide of the
surface intelligence, and this in no negative sense, no mere sinking
into a state of undifferentiated consciousness, but rather, as we have
seen with Fox, a setting forth to seek something already
found--something whose presence is in some way independent of the normal
thinking and acting creature, something which has already proclaimed
itself in moments of heightened consciousness--in the case of the
religious temperament at "conversion."
Silence, bodily and mental, is necessarily the first step in this
direction. There is no other way of entering upon the difficult
enterprise of transcending the rhythms of sense, and this, and nothing
else, has been invariably the first step taken by the mystic upon his
pilgrimage. Skirting chasms of metaphor, abysses of negation and fear,
he has held along this narrowest of narrow ways.
But the early Quakers and the old-time mystics knew nothing of
scientific psychology. They arrived "naturally" at their method of
seeking in silence what modern thought is calling "the intuitive
principle of action"--"the independent spiritual life fulfilling itself
within humanity"--"the unformulated motive which is the greater part of
mind." Like every seeker, on whatever level, they were led by feeling.
Feeling passed into action. Thought followed in due course, and was
deposited as doctrine. They spoke, groping for symbols, of "the seed,"
"the light," "the true birth." In other words--lest we go too far with
psychology's trinity of thought, feeling, and will as separable
activities "doing the will"--they "knew the doctrine."