The Quakers, Past and Present — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Quakers, Past and Present
John Stuart Mill · en
We may not, of course, apply the term "imitative" in too absolute a
sense. All have the light. We are all mystics. We all live our lives on
our various levels, at first hand. But a full recognition of this fact
need not blind us to the further fact that, while those who have
mystical genius need no chart upon their journey, most of us need a
plain way traced out for us through the desert. Most of us follow the
gleam of doctrine thrown out by first-hand experience, and cling to that
as our guide. But if the Quaker message failed as theology, and the
later generations swung back to the simpler doctrine of Protestantism
and re-enthroned an infallible Scripture, something, nevertheless, had
been done. Within the precincts of Quakerism certain paths backwards
were, so to say, permanently blocked. A fresh type of conduct was
assured. The world, the environment in which the new lives of the group
were to arise, had been changed for ever.
The working out of the logical insecurity of the Quaker position is
interestingly shown in the person of George Keith, intellectually the
richest of the early Quakers, a man whose writings have been
acknowledged by his fellows, and would still stand if he had not left
the group, as amongst the best expositions of the Quaker attitude.
He was a Scotch Presbyterian, and seems to have joined the Quakers while
still a student at Aberdeen University. For nearly thirty years he was
under the spell of the Quaker reading of life, and lived during this
time well in the forefront of public discussion and persecution. We find
him writing books and pamphlets in and out of prison, full of the ardour
and the joy of his discovery that there are to-day immediate
revelations, speaking with delight of the meaning and use of silence,
defending his new faith before Presbyterian divines and University
students, declaring that he found Friends "wiser than all the teachers I
ever formerly had been under."