According to Messrs. Larwood and Hotten (p. 21) impaled signs, too, were often set up “on removing from one shop to another, when it was customary to add the sign of the old shop to that of the new.” Numerous examples may be cited of impaled signs which occur at the present time in Essex. Such are the BULL AND HORSESHOE (p. 65) at North Weald, the LION AND BOAR (p. 63) at Earl’s Colne, the LION AND KEY (p. 63) at Leyton, the BULL AND CROWN (p. 65) at Chingford, the STAR AND FLEECE (p. 79) at Kelvedon, the SUN AND WHALEBONE (p. 83) at Latton, the examples of the COCK AND BELL (p. 99) at Writtle, Romford, and High Easter, the RAINBOW AND DOVE (p. 101) at North Weald, the CROWN AND BLACKSMITH (p. 131) at Tendring, the examples of the PLOW AND SAIL (p. 146) at Tollesbury, East Hanningfield, Paglesham, and Maldon, the SUN AND ANCHOR (p. 147) at Steeple, the BELL AND ANCHOR (p. 159) at Canning Town, the COACH AND BELL (p. 159) at Romford, the OLD WINDMILL AND BELLS (p. 159) also at Romford, the CROWN AND CROOKED BILLET (p. 162) at Woodford Bridge, and many others. These will all be found noticed in their proper places. Many other apparently impaled signs might be noticed. Such are the COACH AND HORSES (p. 57), the LION AND LAMB (p. 63), the EAGLE AND CHILD (p. 92), the DOG AND PARTRIDGE (p. 75), the ROSE AND CROWN (p. 116), the GEORGE AND DRAGON (p. 128), &c., &c.; but these do not properly belong to this class, there being some obvious or possible connection between the two objects named in each case. Among signs of this kind--apparently, though not strictly speaking, impaled--belong all, or most, combinations of any object with either a Hand or a Hoop. Such are the HAND AND GLOVE (p. 142), the HAND AND BALL (p. 142), the CROSS AND HAND (p. 142), and the HAND AND STAR (p. 28); also the COCK AND HOOP, the HOOP AND HORSESHOE, the HOOP AND GRAPES, which do not occur in Essex. Combinations with a Hand generally arose from the fact that it was once common to represent on the sign-board a hand holding or supporting some other object. In many cases, no doubt, such combinations originally represented some family crest, in which (as is commonly the case) a hand supported a cross, a glove, a spear, or some other object as the case might be. Combinations into which a Hoop enters may be explained by mentioning the fact that formerly the sign was not always painted on a board, but often carved in wood or metal and suspended before the house within a hoop.