The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs
John Stuart Mill · en
The WHITE HORSE in the
High Street, Maldon, is several times referred to in advertisements in
the _Chelmsford Chronicle_ during the year 1786. Likely origins for this
sign have already been given (p. 18). The FLYING DUTCHMAN, which is a
beer-house sign at Braintree, probably commemorates the racehorse of
that name. There are BLACK HORSES at White Roothing, Widdington, Sible
Hedingham, Pilgrim’s Hatch, and Chelmsford (beer-house). Sixty years ago
there was another at *Coggeshall. There are also YORKSHIRE GREYS at
Coggeshall (at least forty years old), Stratford (two), and Brentwood.
Probably these are named after some famous racer. One or other of those
at *Stratford is several times referred to in the _Trials of John Swan
and Elizabeth Jeffries_ (1752). It was then kept by a certain Ann
Wright. Sixty years since, too, there was another at *Colchester.
Adjoining the racecourse at Galleywood there is a RUNNING MARE. The
NAG’S HEAD is a sign which seems to be becoming increasingly common, as
we have five now existing in the county, not counting a beer-house so
called at Chelmsford, though, twenty years ago, there were only three.
The sign of the THREE COLTS, which occurs at Stanstead Montfitchet and
Buckhurst Hill, has very likely an heraldic origin. It is not a modern
device, as there was an inn of this name in Bride Lane, London, in 1652,
and our houses may have taken their name from this one. A HORSE
_passant_ is depicted on the farthing token of “Ioseph Gleson,” 1664,
and a HORSE GALLOPING on that of “Samvell Salter,” 1656, both of Dedham.
In Essex the horse enters into many combinations with other sign-board
objects. In most cases the meaning of the combination is so evident that
no explanation of it is required. For instance, at Colchester we find a
CHAISE AND PAIR, at Stratford a CART AND HORSES, at Mistley a WAGGON AND
HORSES, and another at *Colchester. There are also beer-houses so called
at Braintree and Hadleigh. The COACH AND HORSES occurs no less than
thirteen times, the OLD COACH AND HORSES once, the HORSE AND GROOM seven
times, and the HORSE AND WHEEL once. This latter is, however, a misprint
on the part of the compilers of the _Post Office Directory_. Twenty
years ago it appeared in the list as the HORSE AND WELL, and as the
house is situated at Woodford Wells, this is undoubtedly its correct
form. The sign is not mentioned by Larwood and Hotten. That part of
Woodford known as Woodford Wells, takes its name from a mineral spring
which once existed there. It was formerly in great repute, but is now
quite dry and neglected. An _Itinerary of Twenty-five Miles round
London_, published towards the end of last century, and quoted by Mr.
Walford in _Greater London_ (vol. i. p. 464), indicates that the name of
the house was then the HORSE AND GROOM. The adjoining mineral spring,
says the author, “was formerly in good repute, and much company resorted
to drink the waters at a house of public entertainment called ‘WOODFORD