The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
1. A further study of the principles of education, with special
reference to their application in teaching the different subjects of
the regular course, and in school discipline;
2. The history of education.
_CITY TRAINING SCHOOLS._
In several cities an ordinary school is set apart for the special
training of teachers, and is presided over by a head-mistress capable
of giving instruction in the theory of education. In such a school
the ordinary teaching of the children is largely carried on by the
students, who at certain hours receive instruction in Methods, etc.
These students often receive a small sum in return for their services.
I was able to visit several of these Training Schools, including those
at New Haven (Connecticut), Fall River (Rhode Island), Pawtucket (Rhode
Island), Springfield (Massachusetts), and Albany (New York).
At New Haven a most interesting Training School is carried on in
connection with the Welch School. There are about thirty students in
training for one year. The various classes of the school are in charge
of regular teachers, who teach almost entirely during the first half of
the year, for the students devote five or six months to the study of
theory alone, only giving a few criticism lessons during that time. For
the second half of the year the students teach more in the schools, and
are supervised both by the critic teacher and the regular teacher of
the class. Notes of lessons are prepared in various ways--sometimes the
students are required simply to put the matter of their lessons into a
series of logical statements, sometimes the matter and illustrations
alone are given, and sometimes the lesson is written out as it is to
be given in the order of statements and questions.
On the completion of the year’s training the students are usually
appointed as substitute teachers to the districts, at a small fixed
salary, and obtain permanent posts as vacancies occur.
At the Springfield Training School from ten to sixteen students take
the course, which is usually for one year, but can be taken in two.
Tuition is free to those living in the city, a charge of about £10
being made to those from a distance.
Students enter in the autumn, and devote the first term to theoretical
work, only giving a few criticism lessons, and spending some time in
observing the work of the school, and carefully recording observations.
The work in psychology is partly based on the observation of individual
children, and partly carried on by discussion classes. The students
also attend lectures given by Superintendent Balliet to all the
teachers of the city. At the end of the year they take the city
examination in order to graduate. In January they begin to teach for
an hour a day in the school, and in the summer term this is increased
to three hours a day. At the end of the course they give lessons in
public, but they are not counted as necessary for graduation.