The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
It is a marked feature in the academic work of Normal Schools that
great importance is given to the teaching of science. Here, as in
American Schools in general, a large place in the curriculum is given
to what is known as “nature study.” Extensive laboratories, for the
different branches of science, are fitted up in most of the schools;
books, microscopes, physical, chemical and biological apparatus,
specimens for observation and dissection, are supplied free to
students; outdoor work is organized, weather-charts are kept daily, and
students are encouraged to use the school workshops for making simple
physical apparatus for their own use. In all the schools great stress
is laid upon practical work by each individual student. The following
list shows the number of lesson-hours given to science at the Normal
School, Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
_Two Years’ Course_:
1st year. { 1st term 12 hours per week.
{ 2nd ” 7 ” ”
2nd year. { 1st term 6 ” ”
{ 2nd ” 5 ” ”
_Four Years’ Course_:
1st year. { 1st term 2 ” ”
{ 2nd ” 10 ” ”
2nd year. { 1st term 7 ” ”
{ 2nd ” 2 ” ”
3rd year. { 1st term 4 ” ”
{ 2nd ” 8 ” ”
4th year. { 1st term 8 ” ”
{ 2nd ” 4 ” ”
The school, which numbers 274 pupils, has five laboratories--viz.,
chemical, physical, physiological and zoological, geological and
industrial, and the equipment of these, and the care with which
students kept daily records of laboratory work, were its special
features. The chemical laboratory is in two sections: one for
elementary, and one for advanced students, and between these is a
teachers’ laboratory. The students’ daily records of work are carefully
examined by the teacher, and much use is made, by both teachers and
students, of the continuous wall slate round the class-rooms and
laboratories. Physiology is taught by aid of the skeleton and life-size
models, also by the dissection of lower animals, and microscopical
examination of tissues. The methods and means adopted for geology and
geography teaching at Bridgewater seemed to be particularly good. In
the school museum were duplicate collections of rocks and minerals,
classified on various bases; and in addition to these, the school
possessed two sets of trays of working specimens, one set containing
labelled typical class specimens, and the other containing unlabelled
specimens for identification by students. Books, giving printed
directions for work, interleaved with blank sheets for observations,
notes and drawings, were provided for all students. I heard two
excellent lessons in geography at this school. One on the Slopes of
the United States was well worked out with the students in sand,
great care being taken by the teacher to state and compare actual