The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
The Training Classes of the State of New York show more uniformity
of courses and methods than those of many of the other States. This
is due to their organization by the State Superintendent, who issues
regulations and a definite course of study. The course is a short one,
from ten to thirteen weeks. Two hours each day is given to instruction.
Methods in reading, spelling, number, language and primary geography
are studied, and observation and criticism of lessons is a definite
part of the work. Actual teaching is done wherever possible; but this
is not a requisite. The time given to each subject is apportioned
somewhat on the same principles as in the Normal Schools--viz., one
subject is followed up for a very short time, another is taken up in
the same way, and then another. On this plan, only a few days can be
given to some subjects. The syllabus of work for 1889 gives four days
to laws of mental development, seventeen days to school economy, ten
days to the history of education, and four days to school law. Other
set times are given to Methods. Such a course, lasting for a very short
time, and including so many subjects, cannot but be inadequate and
superficial when used as the only means of training. The experience
gained in such a way is not sufficient in itself to qualify for
responsible work in a town school. This is shown by the fact that those
who have taken a course in the training class of a city are often
expected to gain experience elsewhere, before taking responsible work
in that city. In many instances, students are urged to take Normal
School courses as well.
It may indeed be stated generally, that the work of Training Classes
is to supplement a longer and more thorough course in training, rather
than to train. Training Classes, for the most part, provide practice
under supervision for those who have already gained some insight into
the science of education and methods of teaching, but the small amount
of time given to other sides of training prevents their work being at
all adequate as the sole preparation for teachers. Training Classes
exist, and will exist, to meet the needs of those would-be teachers
who, in small towns, where there is neither Normal nor Training
School, cannot afford to leave their homes to prepare for their work.
The urgent demand for trained teachers for all the Common Schools
has resulted in the establishment of many institutions, which, while
fulfilling a present need, are existing under conditions which must
prohibit work of the best kind. Among such institutions we must enrol
the City Training Classes.