The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
At present some of the Normal Schools have a double function to
perform, that of serving as High Schools, and at the same time as
professional Training Colleges. There is, however, a growing feeling
against this plan, and a tendency, wherever possible, to separate
those who intend to become teachers from those who do not. But many
Normal Schools, while claiming to be only professional, yet include
Academic subjects in their curricula. Two reasons for this are commonly
urged. In the first place, it is said that it is impossible to get a
large enough supply of candidates for training who are sufficiently
well equipped for their profession from the point of view of mere
information; and secondly, that even those who have the necessary
information have acquired it in such a way that it is almost useless
for teaching purposes. For such, a complete revision of the various
subjects, taken in conjunction with a consideration of the best methods
of teaching the same, is regarded as necessary; it being maintained
by those in favour of this plan that it is almost impossible to get
instruction in the various subjects that will be of any value to them
as teachers, outside a Normal School.
On the other hand, there are some who maintain that the Normal School
should be strictly professional, admitting none to its courses but
those who can give evidence of having had ample academic preparation.
Many, however, who believe that the courses in academic studies are at
present necessary yet look forward to the time when they will be no
longer required.
There appears to be a growing feeling in the States in favour of the
complete separation of the professional from the academic course, and
it is interesting to note that the question is agitating the minds
of those who have to do with the training of teachers in America, at
the same time that it has become a burning question in England in
connection with the training of our Elementary Teachers. The Normal
Schools correspond more or less closely with our English Elementary
Training Colleges, and an examination of their points of likeness and
difference may not prove unprofitable.
In the first place, it should be noted, that the absence of any uniform
standard of attainment, such as is more or less secured in England by
the fact that there is one government examination for all Colleges,
makes it possible for there to be a great difference in the rank held
by different Normal Schools. As each school fixes its own standard
of graduation, and the conditions for admission, length of course
and final tests vary with each institution, it comes about that much
depends upon the Normal School, of which a given teacher is a graduate.