The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
The course is arranged for two years, but no student can graduate from
the schools unless considered fit to teach by the Faculty. They may
either remain longer as students, or if thought to be hopeless may be
requested to withdraw.
At both schools there are at least two parts to the course: (1) that
done in the Normal School, including the Theory of Education, and
special work in science and other subjects; and (2) that done in the
Model or Training Schools. Each School has also a Kindergarten, and at
New Britain there is a special course for the training of Kindergarten
teachers.
Students who attain the required standard of scholarship in every
prescribed subject, and exhibit a fair degree of skill in teaching and
governing children, _and_ pass the State Examination for Teachers,
receive a Diploma of Graduation.
The fitness of any teacher for her profession is thus determined partly
by the authorities of the Normal School, and partly by the State.
All necessary text-books are free, but students are encouraged to
purchase a few books of reference.
The aim of this school is entirely professional, but it is found so
difficult to obtain a supply of sufficiently prepared students that
some academic work, especially in science, is found to be necessary,
and each student is expected to learn to make certain sets of
apparatus, which will be afterwards helpful in the teaching of science
in the schools. The Principal informed me that he considered that the
school was stronger on the practical than on the theoretical side.
Most certainly the practical training of teachers is most thoroughly
arranged for. A Model School of 500 children is attached to the school,
the classes in which are in the hands of trained and enthusiastic
teachers, who are constantly endeavouring to improve existing and
devise new methods of teaching. In reading, for instance, the children
make their own reading lesson, the subjects being taken from lessons
on elementary science, literature, etc., which they have had. With the
help of the blackboard, simple sentences, giving an account of the
lesson or its story, are collected, and then printed by the school
printing press, which proves an invaluable addition to the school
apparatus. Drawing is also taught almost entirely in connection with
other school subjects, the illustrating of Science, History and
Geography lessons being thus utilized.
During the training course, the students give a few lessons in the
Model School, and spend a good deal of time in observation. But
a comparatively new and important feature in connection with the
practical training is the six months which students are encouraged
to spend after graduation at a Practice School which has been opened
at South Manchester. Here the graduates teach under supervision, and
obtain that amount of practice under favourable circumstances which is
so necessary to the perfecting of the teacher.