The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
I next visited the Normal School at West Chester, which was started in
1871. Its buildings are on much the same plan as those at Millersville,
with the two wings for men and women students, and the dining and
recitation rooms in the centre. The Principal, with pardonable pride,
drew my special attention to the gymnasium building, which, with the
single exception of the new Yale Gymnasium, is believed to be the
most complete connected with any school or college in the States.
It contains a full supply of the best apparatus, running tracks,
bath-rooms, large swimming-pool, bowling alleys, ball cage, etc. A
thoroughly trained physician[4] and his wife are in charge of the
gymnasium, and all exercise is taken under their supervision. I was
able to attend several of the classes--one on School Method, which
took the form of a discussion of such points as the following: “What
degree of quiet is necessary in a school?” “On what does ability to
govern depend?” “Can ability to govern be acquired?” I was much struck
here, as in other American schools and colleges, with the ease in
speaking, and the keen interest shown by the students in taking part
in the discussion. A lesson in Arithmetic, in which the students made
excellent use of that distinctive feature of an American recitation
room--the continuous blackboard, one on United States history, and a
lesson on physiology given in the Model School, helped to fill up a
most interesting morning.
_CONNECTICUT._
There are two State Normal Schools in the State of Connecticut--one at
New Britain, started in 1850, and the other at Willimantic, opened in
1889. These schools have for their object the definite preparation of
teachers for work in the State schools, and no encouragement is given
to other students to enter. They thus differ from the Pennsylvania
Normal Schools, which are often attended by those who do not intend
to become teachers. This difference appears to produce one curious
and instructive result--namely, that while a large number of men
students are to be found in the Pennsylvania Normal Schools, they are
conspicuous by their absence from those in Connecticut. This is easily
understood when one remembers that an overwhelming majority of the
teachers in the Common Schools are women, and that as few men intend to
take up teaching as a permanent profession, they are not likely to be
found in those Normal Schools, the courses of which will not serve as
stepping-stones to a future college or other career.
Neither of these two Schools are residential, but the Principals
undertake to assist students in finding comfortable accommodation.
Board and lodging can usually be obtained from $3 to $4 (14_s._ to
17_s._) per week.
Candidates for admission must either (1) pass an entrance examination
held at certain centres in the State, or (2) present a certificate of
graduation from a High School or State Teachers’ Certificate, or (3)
have taught successfully for three years.