The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
Four courses are possible: 1. Two years’ course. 2. Three years’ or
intermediate course. 3. Four years’ course, and 4. Post-graduate course
for college graduates.
There appears to be especially good provision for the teaching of
science, the new buildings having ample laboratory accommodation.
Worcester is the youngest of the Normal Schools, having been opened
in 1874. It is open to both men and women, but the latter largely
preponderate.
In addition to the ordinary two and four year courses, college
graduates are allowed to take up a special elective course.
This school has certain special features which distinguish it and
require note.
The study of psychology is pursued in part by the original observation
of children. The students are asked to observe the conduct of children
in all circumstances, and to record what they see and hear as soon as
possible, in a simple and concise manner, without any comment by the
writer. They are advised to note the usual rather than the unusual
conduct of the children observed. For convenience of classification,
blanks of five colours are used: white for observations made by the
students themselves; red for those reported by others; yellow for
reminiscences of the student’s own childhood; green for records made
from books, and chocolate for a continued series of observations
made on the same child. The date, name of observer and post-office
address; the name, sex, nationality and age of child observed; and also
the length of time elapsing between the making and recording of the
observation, are all set forth on these papers.
The making of these observations is quite voluntary, but the students
become so interested in the work that an ever-increasing number of
reports are sent in. Some 16,000 have already been collected. These
are placed at the disposal of the Clark University, which has from time
to time made use of the material thus brought together. These records
are valuable in themselves, but still more valuable is the training in
observation of children afforded to the students in making them.
The students in this school have the opportunity before graduating
of serving an apprenticeship as teachers in the public schools of
Worcester.
The “apprentice” acts as assistant to the teacher of the city school;
takes part in the instruction, management and general care of the
pupils under the direction of the teacher; and is sometimes entrusted
with the sole charge of the school during the teacher’s absence for an
hour, a half day or a day. One student only at a time is assigned to
any teacher, but each apprentice serves in at least three grades of
schools.
The time taken for the apprenticeship comes just before the final
term in the Normal School, and amounts to half a school year. But
the apprentices spend one day of each week (Wednesday) at the Normal
School, where they are occupied in the following manner:
They consult with the teacher, and with one another, and make use of
books.