Thunder and Lightning — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Thunder and Lightning
John Stuart Mill · en
When this globule has reached a sufficient size, you can see it detach
itself from the point, which ceases to be luminous, begin to move
forward slowly on the plate, make a few curves, and then set off for
the positive point; when it reaches this, the effluvium is
extinguished, all luminous phenomenon ceases, and the machine acts as
if its two poles were united by a conductor.
The speed with which the luminous globe moves is very slight. It takes
from one to four minutes to cover a distance of 5 to 6 centimetres.
Sometimes, before reaching the positive point, the globe bursts into
two or more luminous globules, which individually continue their
journey towards the positive point.
On developing the plate, you will find traced on it the route followed
by the globule, the point of explosion, the routes resulting from the
division, the effluvium round the positive point. Also, if you stop
the experiment before the arrival of the globule at the positive
point, the photograph will only give the route to that point.
The globule makes its course the conductor. If during its journey you
were to throw powder on the plate--sulphur, for example--the course it
followed will be marked by a line of little aigrettes, looking like a
luminous rosary.
Of all the known electric phenomena, this is the most analogous with
globular lightning.
[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH OF THE POSITIVE POLE OF AN ELECTRIC SPARK.]
[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH OF THE NEGATIVE POLE OF AN ELECTRIC SPARK.]
But the really complicated part of the question is when ball
lightning loses part of its fluidity and becomes a semi-solid body, as
in the following instance:--
On April 24, 1887, a storm burst over Mortrée (Orne), and the
lightning literally chopped the telegraph wire on the route to
Argentan for a distance of 150 yards. The pieces were so calcinated
that they might have been under the fire of a forge; some of the
longer ones were bent and their sections welded together. The
lightning entered by the door of a stable in the form of a fireball,
and came near a person who was preparing to milk a cow; then it
_passed between the legs of the animal_, and disappeared without
causing any damage. The terrified cow raised itself on its hind legs
with frantic bellowing, and its master ran away, frightened out of his
wits, but there was no harm done.
The inexplicable phenomenon was that at the precise moment when the
lightning crossed the stable, a great quantity of incandescent stones
fell before a neighbouring house. "Some of these fragments, of the
size of nuts," wrote the Minister of Post and Telegraphs at the
Academy, "are of a not very thick material, of a greyish-white, and
easily broken by the fingers, giving forth a characteristic odour of
sulphur. The others, which are smaller, are exactly like coke.