Egoists, A Book of Supermen: Stendhal, Baudelaire, Flaubert, Anatole France, Huysmans, Barrès, Nietzsche, Blake, Ibsen, Stirner, and Ernest Hello
Nietzsche · en
dramas, we should have had confusion thrice confounded.
The day after his death the entire civilised world wrote of him as the
great man he was: great man, great artist, great moralist. And A Doll's
House only saw the light in 1879--so potent a creator of critical
perspective is Death. There were, naturally, many dissonant opinions
in this symphony of praise. Yet how different it all read from the
opinions of a decade ago. Adverse criticism, especially in America,
was vitiated by the fact that Ibsen the dramatist was hardly known
here. Ibsen was eagerly read, but seldom played; and rarely played as
he should be. He is first the dramatist. His are not closet dramas
to be leisurely digested by lamp-light; conceived for the theatre,
actuality their key-note, his characters are pale abstractions on the
printed page--not to mention the inevitable distortions to be found
in the closest translation. We are all eager to tell what we think of
him. But do we know him? Do we know him as do the goers of Berlin,
or St. Petersburg, Copenhagen, Vienna, or Munich? And do we realise
his technical prowess? In almost every city of Europe Ibsen is in the
regular repertory. He is given at intervals with Shakespeare, Schiller,
Dumas, Maeterlinck, Hauptmann, Grillparzer, Hervieu, Sudermann, and
with the younger dramatists. That is the true test. Not the isolated
divinity of a handful of worshippers, with an esoteric message, his
plays are interpreted by skilled actors and not for the untrained if
enthusiastic amateur. There is no longer Ibsenism on the Continent;
Ibsen is recognised as the greatest dramatist since Racine and Molière.
Cults claim him no more, and therefore the critical point of view at
the time of his death had entirely shifted. His works are played in
every European language and have been translated into the Japanese.