FIRST ESSAY. "GOOD AND EVIL," "GOOD AND BAD." SECOND ESSAY. "GUILT," "BAD CONSCIENCE," AND THE LIKE. THIRD ESSAY. PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES. Translated by J. M. KENNEDY. THE WILL TO POWER An Attempted Transvaluation Of All Values By Friedrich Nietzsche Translated By Anthony M. Ludovici Vol. I Books I And Ii 1914 CONTENTS PREFACE 1 FIRST BOOK. EUROPEAN NIHILISM. A Plan 5 I. Nihilism— 1. Nihilism as an Outcome of the Valuations and Interpretations of Existence which have prevailed hitherto 8 2. Further Causes of Nihilism 23 3. The Nihilistic Movement as an Expression of Decadence 31 4. The Crisis: Nihilism and the Idea of Recurrence 47 II. Concerning the History of European Nihilism— (a) Modern Gloominess 55 (b) The Last Centuries 73 (c) Signs of Increasing Strength 91 SECOND BOOK. A CRITICISM OF THE HIGHEST VALUES THAT HAVE PREVAILED HITHERTO. I. Criticism of Religion— 1. Concerning the Origin of Religions 113 2. Concerning the History of Christianity 132 3. Christian Ideals 179 II. A Criticism of Morality— 1. The Origin of Moral Valuations 210 2. The Herd 226 3. General Observations concerning Morality 237 4. How Virtue is made to Dominate 248 5. The Moral Ideal— A. A Criticism of Ideals 264 B. A Criticism of the "Good Man," of the Saint, etc. 282 C. Concerning the Slander of the so-called Evil Qualities 291 D. A Criticism of the Words: Improving, Perfecting, Elevating 312 6. Concluding Remarks concerning the Criticism of Morality 320 III. Criticism of Philosophy— 1. General Remarks 327 2. A Criticism of Greek Philosophy 345 3. The Truths and Errors of Philosophers 369 4. Concluding Remarks in the Criticism of Philosophy 378 THE WILL TO POWER An Attempted Transvaluation Of All Values BY FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE Translated By Anthony M. Ludovici Vol. II Books III And IV 1913 CONTENTS Third Book. the Principles of a New Valuation. I. The Will to Power in Science— (a) The Method of Investigation 3 (b) The Starting-Point of Epistemology 5 (c) The Belief in the "Ego." Subject 12 (d) Biology of the Instinct of Knowledge. Perspectivity 20 (e) The Origin of Reason and Logic 26 (f) Consciousness 38 (g) Judgment. True—False 43 (h) Against Causality 53 (i) The Thing-in-Itself and Appearance 62 (k) The Metaphysical Need 74 (l) The Biological Value of Knowledge 96 (m) Science 99 II. The Will to Power in Nature— 1. The Mechanical Interpretation of the World 109 2. The Will to Power as Life— (a) The Organic Process 123 (b) Man 132 3. Theory of the Will to Power and of Valuations 161 III. The Will to Power As Exemplified in Society and in the Individual 1. Society and the State 183 2. The Individual 214 IV. The Will to Power in Art 239 Fourth Book. Discipline and Breeding. I. The Order of Rank—