(4) The profanation of the divine nature of man, instead of its accentuation, and the construction of a very profound chasm, which can only be crossed by the help of a miracle or by means of the most thorough self-contempt; (5) The whole world of corrupted imagination and morbid passion, instead of a simple and loving life of action, instead of Buddhistic happiness attainable on earth; (6) An ecclesiastical order with a priesthood, theology, cults, and sacraments; in short, everything that Jesus of Nazareth _combated_; (7) The _miraculous_ in everything and everybody, superstition too: while precisely the trait which distinguished Judaism and primitive Christianity was their _repugnance to_ miracles and their relative _rationalism._ 197. _The psychological pre-requisites:--Ignorance_ and _lack of culture,_--the sort of ignorance which has unlearned every kind of shame: let any one imagine those impudent saints in the heart of Athens; The _Jewish instinct of a chosen people_: they appropriate _all the virtues,_ without further ado, as their own, and regard the rest of the world as their opposite; this is a profound sign of _spiritual depravity_; _The total lack of real aims_ and real _duties,_ for which other virtues are required than those of the bigot--_the State undertook this work for them_: and the impudent people still behaved as though they had no need of the State. "Except ye become as little children" --oh, how far we are from this psychological ingenuousness! 198. The Founder of Christianity had to pay dearly for having directed His teaching at the lowest classes of Jewish society and intelligence. They understood Him only according to the limitations of their own spirit. ... It was a disgrace to concoct a history of salvation, a personal God, a personal Saviour, a personal immortality, and to have retained all the meanness of the "person," and of the "history" of a doctrine which denies the reality of all that is personal and historical. The legend of salvation takes the place of the symbolic "now" and "all time," of the symbolic "here" and "everywhere"; and miracles appear instead of the psychological symbol. 199. Nothing is less innocent than the New Testament. The soil from which it sprang is known.