Concerning the _origin of logic._ The fundamental proneness to _equalise_ things and to _see them equal_, gets to be modified, and kept within bounds, by the consideration of what is useful or harmful--in fact, by considerations of success: it then becomes adapted in suchwise as to be gratified in a milder way, without at the same time denying life or endangering it. This whole process corresponds entirely with that external and mechanical process (which is its symbol) by which the _protoplasm_ continually assimilates, makes equal to itself, what it appropriates, and arranges it according to its own forms and requirements. 511. Likeness and Similarity. 1. The coarser the organ the more apparent likenesses it sees; 2. The mind _will_ have likeness--that is to say, the identification of one sensual impression with others already experienced: just as the body _assimilates_ inorganic matter. For the understanding of Logic:-- _The will which tends to see likeness everywhere is the will to power_--the belief that something is so and so (the essence of a judgment), is the result of a will which _would fain have it_ as similar as possible. 512. Logic is bound up with the proviso: granted _that identical cases exist_. As a matter of fact, before one can think and conclude in a logical fashion, _this_ condition _must_ first be assumed. That is to say, the will to _logical truth_ cannot be consummated before a fundamental falsification of all phenomena has been assumed. From which it follows that an instinct rules here, which is capable of employing both means: first, falsification; and secondly, the carrying out of its own point of view: logic does not spring from a will to truth. 513. The inventive force which devised the categories, worked in the service of our need of security, of quick intelligibility, in the form of signs, sounds, and abbreviations.--"Substance," "subject," "object," "Being," "Becoming," are not matters of metaphysical truth. It was the powerful who made the names of things into law, and, among the powerful, it was the greatest artists in abstraction who created the categories. 514.