Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates, 3rd ed. Volume 2 — Plato — John Shaqi
Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates, 3rd ed. Volume 2
Plato · en
Sokrates depreciates the value of debates on the poets.
Their meaning is always disputed, and you can never ask from
themselves what it is. Protagoras consents reluctantly to resume the
task of answering 285
Purpose of Sokrates to sift difficulties which he really
feels in his own mind. Importance of a colloquial companion for this
purpose 287
The interrupted debate is resumed. Protagoras says that
courage differs materially from the other branches of virtue 288
Sokrates argues to prove that courage consists in
knowledge or intelligence. Protagoras does not admit this. Sokrates
changes his attack _ib._
Identity of the pleasurable with the good--of the painful
with the evil. Sokrates maintains it. Protagoras denies. Debate 289
Enquiry about knowledge. Is it the dominant agency in the
mind? Or is it overcome frequently by other agencies, pleasure or
pain? Both agree that knowledge is dominant 290
Mistake of supposing that men act contrary to knowledge.
We never call pleasures evils, except when they entail a
preponderance of pain, or a disappointment of greater pleasures 291
Pleasure is the only good--pain the only evil. No man does
evil voluntarily, knowing it to be evil. Difference between pleasures
present and future--resolves itself into pleasure and pain 292
Necessary resort to the measuring art for choosing
pleasures rightly--all the security of our lives depend upon it 293
To do wrong, overcome by pleasure, is only a bad phrase
for describing what is really a case of grave ignorance 294
Reasoning of Sokrates assented to by all. Actions which
conduct to pleasures or freedom from pain, are honourable 295
Explanation of courage. It consists in a wise estimate of
things terrible and not terrible _ib._
Reluctance of Protagoras to continue answering. Close of
the discussion. Sokrates declares that the subject is still in
confusion, and that he wishes to debate it again with Protagoras.
Amicable reply of Protagoras 297
Remarks on the dialogue. It closes without the least
allusion to Hippokrates 298
Two distinct aspects of ethics and politics exhibited: one
under the name of Protagoras; the other, under that of Sokrates 299
Order of ethical problems, as conceived by Sokrates _ib._
Difference of method between him and Protagoras flows from
this difference of order. Protagoras assumes what virtue is, without
enquiry 300
Method of Protagoras. Continuous lectures addressed to
established public sentiments with which he is in harmony 301
Method of Sokrates. Dwells upon that part of the problem
which Protagoras had left out _ib._
Antithesis between the eloquent lecturer and the
analytical cross-examiner 303
Protagoras not intended to be always in the wrong, though
he is described as brought to a contradiction _ib._
Affirmation of Protagoras about courage is affirmed by
Plato himself elsewhere _ib._