Plato borrows from the Pythagoreans, but enlarges their doctrine. Importance of his views in dwelling upon systematic classification 368 Classification broadly enunciated, and strongly recommended--yet feebly applied--in this dialogue 369 What is the Good? Discussed both in Philêbus and in Republic. Comparison 370 Mistake of talking about Bonum confidently, as if it were known, while it is subject of constant dispute. Plato himself wavers about it; gives different explanations, and sometimes professes ignorance, sometimes talks about it confidently _ib._ Plato lays down tests by which Bonum may be determined: but the answer in the Philêbus does not satisfy those tests 371 Inconsistency of Plato in his way of putting the question--The alternative which he tenders has no fair application 372 Intelligence and Pleasure cannot be fairly compared--Pleasure is an End, Intelligence a Means. Nothing can be compared with Pleasure, except some other End 373 The Hedonists, while they laid down attainment of pleasure and diminution of pain, postulated Intelligence as the governing agency 374 Pleasures of Intelligence may be compared, and are compared by Plato, with other pleasures, and declared to be of more value. This is arguing upon the Hedonistic basis 375 Marked antithesis in the Philêbus between pleasure and avoidance of pain 377 The Hedonists did not recognise this distinction--They included both in their acknowledged End _ib._ Arguments of Plato against the intense pleasures--The Hedonists enforced the same reasonable view 378 Different points of view worked out by Plato in different dialogues--Gorgias, Protagoras, Philêbus--True and False Pleasures 379 Opposition between the Gorgias and Philêbus, about Gorgias and Rhetoric 380 Peculiarity of the Philêbus--Plato applies the same principle of classification--true and false--to Cognitions and Pleasures 382 Distinction of true and false--not applicable to pleasures _ib._ Plato acknowledges no truth and reality except in the Absolute--Pleasures which he admits to be true--and why 385 Plato could not have defended this small list of Pleasures, upon his own admission, against his opponents--the Pleasure-haters, who disallowed pleasures altogether 387 Sokrates in this dialogue differs little from these Pleasure-haters 389 Forced conjunction of Kosmology and Ethics--defect of the Philêbus 391 Directive sovereignty of Measure--how explained and applied in the Protagoras _ib._ How explained in Philêbus--no statement to what items it is applied 393 Classification of true and false--how Plato applies it to Cognitions 394 Valuable principles of this classification--difference with other dialogues 395 Close of the Philêbus--Graduated elements of Good 397 Contrast between the Philêbus and the Phædrus, and Symposion, in respect to Pulchrum, and intense Emotions generally 398 CHAPTER XXXIII. MENEXENUS.