Sokrates undertakes to maintain the opposite--That Justice is a good _per se_, ensuring the happiness of the agent by its direct and intrinsic effects on the mind: whatever its ulterior consequences may be. He maintains indeed that these ulterior consequences are also good: but that they do not constitute the paramount benefit, or the main recommendation of Justice: that the good of Justice _per se_ is much greater. In this point of view, Justice is not less valuable and necessary to the strong than to the weak. He proceeds to show, what Justice is, and how it is beneficial _per se_ to the agent, apart from consequences: also, what Injustice is, and how it is injurious to the agent _per se_, apart from consequences.[43] [Footnote 43: Plato, Republic, ii. pp. 368 seq.] [Side-note: Argument of Sokrates to show what Justice is--Assumed analogy between the city and the individual.] He begins by affirming the analogy between an entire city or community, and each individual man or agent. There is justice (he says) in the entire city--and justice in each individual man. In the city, the characteristics of Justice are stamped in larger letters or magnified, so as to be more easily legible. We will therefore first read them in the city, and then apply the lesson to explain what appears in smaller type in the individual man.[44] We will trace the steps by which a city is generated, in order that we may see how justice and injustice spring up in it. [Footnote 44: Plato, Republic, ii. pp. 368-369.] It is in this way that Plato first conducts us to the formation of a political community. A parallel is assumed between the entire city and each individual man: the city is a man on a great scale--the man is a city on a small scale. Justice belongs both to one and to the other. The city is described and analysed, not merely as a problem for its own sake, but in order that the relation between its constituent parts may throw light on the analogous constituent parts, which are assumed to exist in each individual man.[45] [Footnote 45: Plato, Republic, ii. p. 369 A. [Greek: tê\n tou= mei/zonos o(moio/têta e)n tê=| tou= e)la/ttonos i)de/a| e)piskopou=ntes.]] [Side-note: Fundamental principle, to which communities of mankind owe their origin--Reciprocity of want and service between individuals--No individual can suffice to himself.]