Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries — Plato — John Shaqi
Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Plato · en
It is in the vision of this holy beauty as a lost possession of the soul
that the deadly pang of sin lies. In Milton’s later work there is no
reference to the power of the chaste soul to change the body to its own
pure essence; but his mind still holds to the power of sin to dim the
soul’s lustre. This is strikingly exemplified in the character of
Satan’s reflection on his faded glory. The one keen regret that he
feels, in spite of his indomitable will, is occasioned by the thought
that by reason of sinning his form has lost the beauty of its original
goodness. Throughout “Paradise Lost” there is repeated emphasis upon the
faded lustre of Satan’s form. The very first words that fall from
Satan’s lips, in his speech to Beelzebub, as the two lay rolling in the
fiery gulf, draw our attention to the great change in their outward
forms.
“To whom the Arch-Enemy,
And thence in Heaven called Satan, with bold words
Breaking the horrid silence, thus began:—
‘If thou beest he—but Oh how fallen! how changed
From him!—who, in the happy realms of light,
Clothed with transcendent brightness, didst outshine
Myriads, though bright.’”
(I. 81–87.)
And then, as Satan proceeds, his mind is directed to his own departed
glory.
“Yet not for those [_i.e._ the force of the Almighty’s arms]
Nor what the potent Victor in his rage
Can else inflict, do I repent, or change,
Though changed in outward lustre, that fixed mind,
And high disdain from sense of injured merit.”
(I. 94–98.)
In his address to the Sun Satan expresses his hatred of that bright
light because it brings to remembrance the more glorious state from
which he fell.
“O thou that, with surpassing glory crowned,
Look’st from thy sole dominion like the god
Of this new World—at whose sight all the stars
Hide their diminished heads—to thee I call,
But with no friendly voice, and add thy name,
O Sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams,
That bring to my remembrance from what state
I fell, how glorious once above thy sphere.”
(IV. 32–39.)
When the moral significance of this change in his form flashes through
his mind, Satan then suffers the deepest regret that could come to him.
The episode in which he learns the true effect of his sin is his
encounter with the angels, Ithuriel and Zephon. These two have found him
“squat like a toad” at the ear of Eve, trying to work upon her mind
while she sleeps. At the touch of Ithuriel’s spear Satan springs up in
his real form. Ithuriel then asks which of the rebel angels he may be.
The lofty pride of Satan is touched to the quick.