Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Plato · en
This portion of his defence falls into four main divisions. In the first
he explains the nature of the body’s dependence upon the soul. Through
the power that the soul has by virtue of its lowest centre of life,
called the plantal, the soul frames the body in order to exercise
through it the functions of life. (III. i. 17.) The more perfect this
body is the more awake the soul is. (III. i. 17.) But after the work of
framing the body is finished, the soul dismisses it as an old thought
and begins its life of contemplation. (III. i. 16.) The main desire is
to see God. (III. ii. 11.) Next More shows how the soul can direct her
own thoughts within herself without in any way considering the body. Her
intellectual part dives within her nature in its quest for
self-knowledge and her will affects herself after this knowledge has
been gained. All this is accomplished free from any bodily assistance.
(III. ii. 25, 26.) The third division shows how the soul is so
independent of the body that she can resist its desires. Often the
sensual impulse of our nature would lead us to be content with mere
satisfaction of our bodily desires; but the soul desirous of truth and
gifted with an insight into God’s true nature enables us to resist all
such impulses. (III. ii. 38, 39.) The fourth division contrasts the
vitality of the soul with that of sense, fancy, and memory. These three
faculties are weakened by age and by disease, and also by excessive
stimulation; but the soul never fades, but grows stronger with each
contemplative act. (III. ii. 48, 49, 56.)
The attraction which the philosophy of Plotinus had for More’s mind
lay in its scheme of speculative mysticism. The metaphysical system of
Plotinus had taught that The One, which is the truly existing being,
is everywhere present and yet nowhere wholly present. (“Enneads,” VI.
iv.) It had explained also that the only way in which the individual
soul could apprehend this truly existing being was by a mystical union
with it, in which state the soul did not know in the sense of
energizing intellectually, but was one with The One. (“Enneads,” VI.
ix. 10.) These two ideas lie at the basis of More’s theosophic
mysticism. Their presence can be felt throughout his “Psychathanasia”
as its controlling idea and also in his two less important treatises,
“Anti-psychopannychia” and “Anti-monopsychia.”