The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
[Sidenote: _Analysis 47-54._]
Socrates is afraid that Crito is but pressing upon him the
opinions of the many: whereas, all his life long he has followed
the dictates of reason only and the opinion of the one wise or
skilled man. There was a time when Crito himself had allowed
the propriety of this. And although some one will say ‘the many
can kill us,’ that makes no difference; but a good life, in other
words, a just and honourable life, is alone to be valued. All
considerations of loss of reputation or injury to his children
should be dismissed: the only question is whether he would be
right in attempting to escape. Crito, who is a disinterested 47
person not having the fear of death before his eyes, shall answer
this for him. Before he was condemned they had often held discussions,
in which they agreed that no man should either do evil, 48
or return evil for evil, or betray the right. Are these principles
to be altered because the circumstances of Socrates are altered?
Crito admits that they remain the same. Then is his escape 49
consistent with the maintenance of them? To this Crito is unable
or unwilling to reply.
Socrates proceeds:—Suppose the Laws of Athens to come 50
and remonstrate with him: they will ask ‘Why does he seek
to overturn them?’ and if he replies, ‘they have injured him,’
will not the Laws answer, ‘Yes, but was that the agreement?
Has he any objection to make to them which would justify him in 51
overturning them? Was he not brought into the world and educated
by their help, and are they not his parents? He might 52
have left Athens and gone where he pleased, but he has lived
there for seventy years more constantly than any other citizen.’
Thus he has clearly shown that he acknowledged the agreement,
which he cannot now break without dishonour to himself and
danger to his friends. Even in the course of the trial he might
have proposed exile as the penalty, but then he declared that he
preferred death to exile. And whither will he direct his footsteps?
In any well-ordered state the Laws will consider him as 53
an enemy. Possibly in a land of misrule like Thessaly he may be
welcomed at first, and the unseemly narrative of his escape will
be regarded by the inhabitants as an amusing tale. But if he
offends them he will have to learn another sort of lesson. Will
he continue to give lectures in virtue? That would hardly be
decent. And how will his children be the gainers if he takes
them into Thessaly, and deprives them of Athenian citizenship? 54
Or if he leaves them behind, does he expect that they will be
better taken care of by his friends because he is in Thessaly?
Will not true friends care for them equally whether he is alive
or dead?