The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
_Cr._ Certainly not.
_Soc._ Nor when injured injure in return, as the many
imagine; for we must injure no one at all[20]?
_Cr._ Clearly not.
_Soc._ Again, Crito, may we do evil?
_Cr._ Surely not, Socrates.
[Sidenote: May we render evil for evil?]
_Soc._ And what of doing evil in return for evil, which is the
morality of the many—is that just or not?
_Cr._ Not just.
_Soc._ For doing evil to another is the same as injuring
him?
_Cr._ Very true.
[Sidenote: _The address of the Laws._]
[Sidenote: Or is evil always to be deemed evil? Are you of the same mind
as formerly about all this?]
_Soc._ Then we ought not to retaliate or render evil for evil
to any one, whatever evil we may have suffered from him.
But I would have you consider, Crito, whether you really
mean what you are saying. For this opinion has never been
held, and never will be held, by any considerable number of
persons; and those who are agreed and those who are not
agreed upon this point have no common ground, and can
only despise one another when they see how widely they
differ. Tell me, then, whether you agree with and assent to
my first principle, that neither injury nor retaliation nor
warding off evil by evil is ever right. And shall that be the
premiss of our argument? Or do you decline and dissent
from this? For so I have ever thought, and continue to
think; but, if you are of another opinion, let me hear what
you have to say. If, however, you remain of the same mind
as formerly, I will proceed to the next step.
[Sidenote: Crito assents.]
_Cr._ You may proceed, for I have not changed my mind.
[Sidenote: Then ought Socrates to desert or not?]
_Soc._ Then I will go on to the next point, which may be
put in the form of a question:—Ought a man to do what he
admits to be right, or ought he to betray the right?
_Cr._ He ought to do what he thinks right.
_Soc._ But if this is true, what is the application? In
leaving the prison against the will of the Athenians, do I 50
wrong any? or rather do I not wrong those whom I ought
least to wrong? Do I not desert the principles which were
acknowledged by us to be just—what do you say?
_Cr._ I cannot tell, Socrates; for I do not know.
[Sidenote: The Laws come and argue with him.—Can a State exist in which
law is set aside?]