The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
Simmias and Cebes remain in doubt; but they are unwilling
to raise objections at such a time. Socrates wonders at their
reluctance. Let them regard him rather as the swan, who,
having sung the praises of Apollo all his life long, sings at his 85
death more lustily than ever. (Cp. 60 D.) Simmias acknowledges
that there is cowardice in not probing truth to the bottom.
‘And if truth divine and inspired is not to be had, then let a man
take the best of human notions, and upon this frail bark let him
sail through life.’ He proceeds to state his difficulty: It has 86
been argued that the soul is invisible and incorporeal, and
therefore immortal, and prior to the body. But is not the soul
acknowledged to be a harmony, and has she not the same
relation to the body, as the harmony—which like her is invisible—has
to the lyre? And yet the harmony does not survive the
lyre. Cebes has also an objection, which like Simmias he expresses
in a figure. He is willing to admit that the soul is more
lasting than the body. But the more lasting nature of the soul 87
does not prove her immortality; for after having worn out many
bodies in a single life, and many more in successive births and
deaths, she may at last perish, or, as Socrates afterwards restates
the objection, the very act of birth may be the beginning of her
death, and her last body may survive her, just as the coat of an
old weaver is left behind him after he is dead, although a man is 88
more lasting than his coat. And he who would prove the immortality
of the soul, must prove not only that the soul outlives
one or many bodies, but that she outlives them all.
The audience, like the chorus in a play, for a moment interpret
the feelings of the actors; there is a temporary depression, and 89
then the enquiry is resumed. It is a melancholy reflection that
arguments, like men, are apt to be deceivers; and those who
have been often deceived become distrustful both of arguments
and of friends. But this unfortunate experience should not make
us either haters of men or haters of arguments. The want of 90
health and truth is not in the argument, but in ourselves.
Socrates, who is about to die, is sensible of his own weakness; 91
he desires to be impartial, but he cannot help feeling that he has
too great an interest in the truth of the argument. And therefore
he would have his friends examine and refute him, if they think
that he is in error.
[Sidenote: _Analysis 93-98._]