The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
But the soul which is polluted and engrossed by the corporeal,
and has no eye except that of the senses, and is weighed down
by the bodily appetites, cannot attain to this abstraction. In her
fear of the world below she lingers about the sepulchre, loath to
leave the body which she loved, a ghostly apparition, saturated
with sense, and therefore visible. At length entering into some
animal of a nature congenial to her former life of sensuality or 82
violence, she takes the form of an ass, a wolf or a kite. And of
these earthly souls the happiest are those who have practised
virtue without philosophy; they are allowed to pass into gentle
and social natures, such as bees and ants. (Cp. Rep. x. 619 C,
Meno 100 A.) But only the philosopher who departs pure is
permitted to enter the company of the gods. (Cp. Phaedrus 249.)
This is the reason why he abstains from fleshly lusts, and not
because he fears loss or disgrace, which is the motive of other
men. He too has been a captive, and the willing agent of his 83
own captivity. But philosophy has spoken to him, and he has
heard her voice; she has gently entreated him, and brought him
out of the ‘miry clay,’ and purged away the mists of passion and
the illusions of sense which envelope him; his soul has escaped
from the influence of pleasures and pains, which are like nails
fastening her to the body. To that prison-house she will not 84
return; and therefore she abstains from bodily pleasures—not
from a desire of having more or greater ones, but because she
knows that only when calm and free from the dominion of the
body can she behold the light of truth.
[Sidenote: _Analysis 85-93._]